Key Knowledge Points in Chapter One:
Understand the characteristics, classifications, development, and applications of embedded systems, and familiarize yourself with the logical components of embedded systems.
Understand the main types of embedded processing chips, be familiar with the SoC development process, and understand the significance of IP cores.
Be familiar with the encoding of Chinese and Western characters and the types and processing of digital texts, and master the parameters, file formats, and main applications of digital images.
Understand the classification and composition of computer networks, be familiar with the main content of IP protocols, and master the composition of the Internet and commonly used access technologies.
1. IP Protocol and Routers
To maximize the utility of networks, it is essential to connect many homogeneous or heterogeneous networks, which requires solving a series of issues such as unified computer addressing and data packet format conversion. The way to solve these problems is to use the IP protocol (Internet Protocol) in TCP/IP and routers.
1. IP Address
The IP protocol in TCP/IP defines the concept of a host, which refers to any terminal device connected to the network according to the TCP/IP protocol, such as PCs, mobile phones, tablets, servers, or network printers; all hosts are identified using a unified format address (abbreviated as IP address).
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• IP protocol version 4 (IPv4) specifies that each IP address is represented by 4 bytes (32 binary bits), which includes a network number and a host number. The former indicates the number of the physical network to which the host belongs (known as the network number), while the latter is the number of the host within that physical network (known as the host number). -
• An IP address can be represented by four decimal numbers, each corresponding to a byte in the IP address, separated by periods, a method known as