Grammar Essentials: Summary of English Part of Speech Transformations



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Vocabulary is the foundation of learning English. The assessment of English words is not limited to their spelling; it emphasizes the flexible transformation and application of different parts of speech, which is a common question type encountered by students in exercises or exams—part of speech transformation.

Transforming Verbs into Nouns

1. V + ment ending

achieve —— achievement

advertise —— advertisement

agree —— agreement

amuse——amusement

commit —— commitment

develop —— development

disagree —— disagreement

equip —— equipment

govern —— government

manage——management

argue —— argument

2. V + ion ending

attract —— attraction

discuss —— discussion

express —— expression

instruct —— instruction

invent—— invention

predict —— prediction

impress —— impression

suggest —— suggestion

educate —— education

graduate —— graduation

operate —— operation

illustrate —— illustration

pollute —— pollution

introduce —— introduction

organize —— organization

imagine —— imagination

inspire—— inspiration

invite —— invitation

compete —— competition

pronounce —— pronunciation

admit —— admission

permit —— permission

conclude —— conclusion

decide —— decision

describe —— description

resolve —— resolution

solve —— solution

3. V + ance ending

allow —— allowance

appear —— appearance

perform —— performance

exist —— existence

4. V + ing ending

end —— ending

train —— training

mean —— meaning

say—— saying

remind —— reminding

bathe —— bathing

5. Adding -er or -or to form nouns indicating a type of person

work——worker

teach——teacher

sing——singer

jump——jumper

play——player

learn——learner

visit——visitor

invent——inventor

6. V + others

beg——beggar

sit——seat

believe —— belief

behave —— behavior

know—— knowledge

fly—— flight

mix —— mixture

press —— pressure

serve —— service

succeed —— success

pursue —— pursuit

propose —— proposal

withdraw —— withdrawal

survive —— survival

arrive —— arrival

analyze —— analysis

Transforming Adjectives into Nouns

1. Change -ent to -ency or -ence

efficient——efficiency

patient——patience/impatience

dependent——dependence

independent——independence

urgent——urgency

2. Change -ble to -bility

possible——possibility

responsible——responsibility

3. Others

accurate——accuracy

prosperous——prosperity

true——truth

wide——width

long——length

high——height

Transforming Nouns/Verbs into Adjectives

1. Noun + y

guilt——guilty

health——healthy

luck——lucky

cloud——cloudy

wind——windy

rain——rainy

snow——snowy

tourist——touristy

(Change -er to -ry)

hunger——hungry

anger——angry

fog——foggy

sun——sunny

fur——furry

shine——shiny

taste——tasty

2. Noun/Verb + ed

(For words ending in consonant + consonant, add ed directly)

talent——talented

offend——offended

crowd——crowded

(For words ending in vowel e, just add d)

balance——balanced

organize——organized

pollute——polluted

please——pleased

(For words ending in vowel + consonant, double the final consonant and add ed)

spot——spotted

3. Noun + ful/less

care——careful/careless

help——helpful/helpless

use——useful/useless

meaning——meaningful/meaningless

colour——colourful/colourless

pain——painful/painless

thank——thankful/thankless

peace——peaceful

play——playful

home——homeless

4. Noun/Verb + able

change——changeable

adjust——adjustable

comfort——comfortable

knowledge——knowledgeable

suit——suitable

(For verbs ending in consonant + y, change y to i and add able)

deny——deniable

rely——reliable

5. Noun + ous

courage——courageous

danger——dangerous

(For words ending in y, change y to i and add ous)

mystery——mysterious

6. Change ce to t

confidence——confident

difference——different

dependence——dependent

independence——independent

7. Add al

addition——additional

music——musical

person——personal

nation——national

education——educational

tradition——traditional

origin——original

(For words ending in vowel e, remove the final vowel and add al)

nature——natural

globe——global

Special case: class——classical

medicine——medical

grammar——grammatical

8. Noun + ly

friend——friendly

live——lively

love——lovely

week——weekly

man——manly

9. Add -en

wood——wooden

wool——woolen

10. Words indicating direction

East——eastern

West——western

South——southern

North——northern

11. Four Continents

Asia——Asian

Africa——African

Europe——European

America——American

12. Others

energy——energetic

strategy——strategic

scientist——scientific

fool——foolish

love——loving

pleasure——pleasant

pride——proud

Transforming Adjectives into Verbs

1. Add -ize

modern——modernize

social——socialize

2. Add -en

fast——fasten

short——shorten

wide——widen

less——lessen

Special case (with changes):

long——lengthen

strong——strengthen

3. Add en as a prefix

large——enlarge

Transforming Adjectives into Adverbs

1. Adjective + ly

bad——badly

bright——brightly

casual——casually

clear——clearly

complete——completely

correct——correctly

final——finally

fortunate——fortunately

general——generally

loud——loudly

particular——particularly

polite——politely

proper——properly

main——mainly

most——mostly

normal——normally

quick——quickly

quiet——quietly

real——really

recent——recently

sad——sadly

slow——slowly

special——specially

specific——specifically

strong——strongly

sudden——suddenly

usual——usually

2. For words ending in -le, remove e and add -y

comfortable——comfortably

gentle——gently

possible——possibly

simple——simply

terrible——terribly

3. For consonant + y, change y to ily

easy——easily

heavy——heavily

happy——happily

4. Special Cases

good——well

true——truly

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