ESP32-S3 is a powerful microcontroller with rich pin resources, offering limitless possibilities for your development. However, to fully utilize the capabilities of the ESP32-S3, understanding the characteristics and usage of its pins is crucial. This article will detail the pin functions of the ESP32-S3 to help you develop better.
Overview of ESP32-S3 Pins
The ESP32-S3 chip features 48 general-purpose I/O pins that can be used for various functions, including:
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• Digital I/O: Configurable as input or output for controlling various peripherals.
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• Analog I/O: Some pins support analog input, allowing for reading analog sensor data.
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• PWM: Supports pulse width modulation for controlling motors, servos, etc.
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• SPI: Supports Serial Peripheral Interface for communication with various SPI devices, such as SD cards and OLED screens.
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• I2C: Supports a two-wire serial bus for communication with various I2C devices, such as gyroscopes and accelerometers.
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• UART: Supports Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter for communication with serial devices, such as PCs and Bluetooth modules.
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• JTAG: Supports boundary scan testing for hardware debugging and programming.
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• ADC: Supports analog-to-digital conversion for reading analog sensor data.
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• DAC: Does not support DAC but can simulate analog output using PWM or I2S PDM.
Types of ESP32-S3 Pins
The pins of the ESP32-S3 can be categorized into the following types:
1. General Pins
Most pins can be used as general-purpose I/O, configurable as input or output, and support various functions.
2. Dedicated Pins
Some pins have special functions, such as:
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• GPIO0: Used to enter download mode; pulling this pin low at startup enters download mode.
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• GPIO3: Used with eFuses to control the default behavior of JTAG pins.
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• GPIO45 and GPIO46: Related to ROM message printing; it’s best not to use these pins.
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• GPIO19 and GPIO20: Used for USB connection; do not use them for other functions.
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• GPIO35, GPIO36, and GPIO37: Cannot be used when PSRAM is in use.
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• GPIO39, GPIO40, GPIO41, and GPIO42: Can be used as JTAG pins by default but can change behavior through eFuses and GPIO3.
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• GPIO43 and GPIO44: Used as UART0 by default until used by other code.
3. ADC Pins
The ESP32-S3 supports two ADC modules, each with multiple channels. The pin assignments for ADC1 are as follows:
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• GPIO1: ADC1_CH0
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• GPIO2: ADC1_CH1
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• GPIO3: ADC1_CH2
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• GPIO4: ADC1_CH3
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• GPIO5: ADC1_CH4
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• GPIO6: ADC1_CH5
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• GPIO7: ADC1_CH6
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• GPIO8: ADC1_CH7
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• GPIO9: ADC1_CH8
4. Power Pins
The ESP32-S3 has multiple power pins for powering and connecting peripherals.
Notes on ESP32-S3 Pins
When using the ESP32-S3 pins, keep the following points in mind:
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• Default Pin Configuration: Each pin has a default configuration, for example, GPIO0 is pulled high by default, while GPIO45 and GPIO46 are pulled low by default.
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• Pin Conflicts: Some pins may conflict with other functions, for example, GPIO19 and GPIO20 are used for USB connection and cannot be used for other functions.
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• Startup Mode Control: At startup, you can control the ESP32-S3’s startup mode by pulling specific pins high or low, such as pulling GPIO0 low to enter download mode.
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• Power-Up Glitches: Some pins may experience glitches at power-up, such as GPIO1 to GPIO18, GPIO19, and GPIO20.
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• eFuses: eFuses can be used to configure the hardware features of the ESP32-S3, such as the default behavior of JTAG pins.
ESP32-S3 Development Resources
To assist you in using the ESP32-S3 pins, you can refer to the following resources:
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• ESP32-S3 Datasheet: Provides detailed technical specifications and pin descriptions for the ESP32-S3 chip.
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• ESP32-S3 Technical Reference Manual: Provides detailed descriptions of the hardware architecture and software features of the ESP32-S3 chip.
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• ESP32-S3 Pinout Diagram: Provides the pin distribution and function descriptions for the ESP32-S3 chip.
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• ESP32-S3 Example Code: Provides various examples of using ESP32-S3 pins to help you get started with development quickly.
Conclusion
Understanding the pin functions of the ESP32-S3 is crucial for developing projects based on the ESP32-S3. By learning the content of this article, you can better understand the pin characteristics and usage methods of the ESP32-S3, laying a solid foundation for your development work.
Project Link: https://github.com/atomic14/esp32-s3-pinouts