1. Position in the Periodic Table and Bonding Rules (Core Exam Point: Classification Position → Property Correlation)
Question 1 (2023 National A Paper)
The following statements about non-metal elements and their compounds are correct ( )
A. Si is a metalloid, and its oxide SiO₂ is a basic oxide
B. The highest valence oxides of group V-A non-metal elements correspond to strong acids in their hydrates
C. Compounds formed between non-metal elements are definitely covalent compounds
D. The outermost electron count of noble gas atoms is 8 (except for He), making their chemical properties stable
Exam Point: Classification of main group non-metals, bonding characteristics, noble gas properties
Explanation: Statement A is incorrect as SiO₂ is an acidic oxide (reacts with NaOH to form salt); Statement B is incorrect as H₃PO₄ is a moderately strong acid; Statement C is incorrect as NH₄Cl is an ionic compound (composed of non-metal elements); Statement D is correct as noble gases, except for He (which has 2 electrons in a stable structure), have a stable structure with 8 electrons.
Answer: D
Question 2 (2022 Shandong Paper)
Short-period main group elements X, Y, Z, and W have increasing atomic numbers, X is the most abundant element in the crust, Y has an outermost electron count equal to its electron layer count, Z’s highest positive and lowest negative valences sum to 4, and W is in the same group as X. The correct statement is ( )
A. Atomic radius: Y > Z > W > X
B. Non-metallicity: Z > W > X
C. Y’s oxide is a basic oxide
D. The stability of Z’s hydride is stronger than that of W’s
Exam Point: Position of short-period non-metals, trends in non-metallicity
Explanation: X is O (most abundant in the crust), Y is Al (outermost 3 electrons = 3 electron layers), Z is S (highest +6, lowest -2, sum of 4), and W is Se (same group as S with a larger atomic number). Statement A is correct as the atomic radius is Al > S > Se > O; Statement B is incorrect as non-metallicity is O > S > Se; Statement C is incorrect as Al₂O₃ is an amphoteric oxide; Statement D is correct as non-metallicity S > Se, thus H₂S is more stable than H₂Se.
Answer: AD
2. Physical Properties (Core Exam Point: State, Color, Conductivity, Solubility)
Question 3 (2021 National B Paper)
The following experimental phenomena do not match the experimental operations ( )
| Experimental Operation | Experimental Phenomenon |
|---|---|
| A. Passing SO₂ into a test tube containing CCl₄ solution with Br₂ | Solution decolorizes |
| B. Adding a copper piece to a test tube containing a small amount of concentrated nitric acid | Produces reddish-brown gas |
| C. Adding vitamin C solution to a starch solution containing a small amount of I₂ | Solution loses its blue color |
| D. Adding sufficient NaOH solution to a test tube containing SiO₂ | Solid dissolves, producing bubbles |
Exam Point: Physical properties and reaction phenomena of non-metal elements/compounds
Explanation: Statement A matches as Br₂ (reddish-brown) reacts with SO₂ in a redox reaction, causing the solution to decolorize; Statement B matches as Cu reacts with concentrated nitric acid to produce NO₂ (reddish-brown); Statement C matches as vitamin C reduces I₂, causing the starch to lose its blue color; Statement D does not match as SiO₂ reacts with NaOH to produce Na₂SiO₃ and H₂O without bubbles.
Answer: D
Question 4 (2020 Zhejiang Paper)
The following statements are incorrect ( )
A. Graphite has conductivity and can be used to make electrodes
B. Diamond has high hardness and can be used to cut glass
C. Silicon is a semiconductor material and can be used to manufacture solar cells
D. Sulfur is pale yellow and easily soluble in water
Exam Point: Physical properties and uses of non-metal elements
Explanation: Statement A is correct as graphite is the only conductor among non-metals; Statement B is correct as diamond (atomic crystal) has extreme hardness; Statement C is correct as Si is a semiconductor and a core material for solar cells; Statement D is incorrect as sulfur is poorly soluble in water and easily soluble in organic solvents.
Answer: D
3. Trends in Non-Metallicity (Core Exam Point: Stability of Hydrides, Acidity of Highest Valence Oxyacids)
Question 5 (2023 National B Paper)
The correct comparison of the properties of the following substances is ( )
A. Non-metallicity: Cl > S > P
B. Stability of hydrides: H₂O < NH₃ < CH₄
C. Acidity of highest valence oxides corresponding to their hydrates: H₂SO₄ < H₃PO₄ < HClO₄
D. Oxidizing ability: O₂ > Cl₂ > Br₂
Exam Point: Trends in non-metallicity among elements in the same period/group
Explanation: Statement A is correct as non-metallicity increases from left to right in the same period (Cl > S > P); Statement B is incorrect as non-metallicity is O > N > C, thus the stability of hydrides is H₂O > NH₃ > CH₄; Statement C is incorrect as the acidity of highest valence oxyacids is HClO₄ > H₂SO₄ > H₃PO₄; Statement D is incorrect as non-metallicity is O > Cl > Br, but oxidizing ability is Cl₂ > O₂ (due to different reaction conditions).
Answer: A
Question 6 (2022 National Paper)
Based on the periodic law, the following judgments are correct ( )
A. Acidity: H₃AsO₄ > H₃PO₄
B. Stability: H₂S > HCl
C. Reducing ability: HI > HBr > HCl
D. Boiling point: HF < HCl < HBr
Exam Point: Trends in non-metallicity among elements in the same group → Properties of hydrides
Explanation: Statement A is incorrect as non-metallicity P > As, thus acidity H₃PO₄ > H₃AsO₄; Statement B is incorrect as non-metallicity Cl > S, thus stability of H₂S < HCl; Statement C is correct as non-metallicity Cl > Br > I, thus reducing ability HI > HBr > HCl; Statement D is incorrect as HF has hydrogen bonding, resulting in the highest boiling point, thus boiling point HF > HBr > HCl.
Answer: C
4. Chemical Properties (Core Exam Point: Oxidizing Ability, Reducing Ability, Characteristic Reactions)
Question 7 (2021 Zhejiang Paper)
The correctly written ionic equation is ( )
A. Excess SO₂ passed into NaOH solution: SO₂ + 2OH⁻ = SO₃²⁻ + H₂O
B. Si reacts with NaOH solution: Si + 2OH⁻ = SiO₃²⁻ + H₂↑
C. Cl₂ passed into water: Cl₂ + H₂O = 2H⁺ + Cl⁻ + ClO⁻
D. Passing H₂S into FeCl₃ solution: 2Fe³⁺ + H₂S = 2Fe²⁺ + S↓ + 2H⁺
Exam Point: Characteristic reactions of non-metal elements/compounds
Explanation: Statement A is incorrect as excess SO₂ generates HSO₃⁻, the ionic equation should be SO₂ + OH⁻ = HSO₃⁻; Statement B is incorrect as Si with NaOH requires balancing water: Si + 2OH⁻ + H₂O = SiO₃²⁻ + 2H₂↑; Statement C is incorrect as HClO is a weak acid and cannot be dissociated; Statement D is correct as Fe³⁺ oxidizes H₂S to produce S precipitate, and the balancing is correct.
Answer: D
Question 8 (2020 National III Paper)
The correct statement is ( )
A. At room temperature, N₂ reacts with O₂ to produce NO
B. Sulfur burns in excess oxygen to produce SO₃
C. Concentrated nitric acid reacts with copper to produce NO₂
D. Dilute sulfuric acid reacts with copper to produce SO₂
Exam Point: Oxidizing ability and reaction products of more active non-metals
Explanation: Statement A is incorrect as N₂ and O₂ require discharge or high temperature to react to produce NO, they do not react at room temperature; Statement B is incorrect as sulfur burns to produce SO₂ regardless of whether O₂ is in excess (SO₂ → SO₃ requires a catalyst and high temperature); Statement C is correct as concentrated nitric acid reacts with Cu to produce NO₂, while dilute nitric acid produces NO; Statement D is incorrect as dilute sulfuric acid does not react with Cu (Cu is positioned after H), concentrated H₂SO₄ requires heating to react.Answer: C
5. Identification and Purification (Core Exam Point: Distinction and Purification of Non-Metal Elements/Compounds)
Question 9 (2023 Shandong Paper)
The experimental scheme that can achieve the experimental purpose is ( )
| Experimental Purpose | Experimental Scheme |
|---|---|
| A. Distinguish between CO₂ and SO₂ | Pass into clear lime water and observe whether it becomes turbid |
| B. Remove HCl from CO₂ | Pass into saturated Na₂CO₃ solution |
| C. Distinguish between Cl₂ and O₂ | Pass into wet starch KI test paper and observe whether it turns blue |
| D. Remove SO₃ from SO₂ | Pass into NaOH solution |
Exam Point: Identification and purification of non-metal gases
Explanation: Statement A is incorrect as both CO₂ and SO₂ cause clear lime water to become turbid, and phenolphthalein solution (SO₂ decolorizes, CO₂ does not) is needed for distinction; Statement B is incorrect as CO₂ will react with Na₂CO₃ to produce NaHCO₃, thus saturated NaHCO₃ solution should be selected; Statement C is correct as Cl₂ oxidizes KI to produce I₂, turning starch blue, while O₂ does not react, allowing for distinction; Statement D is incorrect as both SO₂ and SO₃ react with NaOH, thus 98.3% concentrated sulfuric acid should be used to absorb SO₃.
Answer: C
Question 10 (2022 Jiangsu Paper)
The correct method for purification is ( )
A. Remove O₂ from N₂: by passing through heated CuO
B. Remove water vapor from NH₃: by passing through concentrated sulfuric acid
C. Remove I₂ from NaCl solution: by adding CCl₄ for extraction and separation
D. Remove NaHCO₃ from Na₂CO₃: by adding hydrochloric acid
Exam Point: Purification of non-metal elements/compounds (avoiding reactions and not introducing new impurities)
Explanation: Statement A is incorrect as O₂ does not react with CuO, it should be removed by passing through heated Cu wire; Statement B is incorrect as NH₃ reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid, it should be passed through dry lime; Statement C is correct as I₂ is easily soluble in CCl₄, and extraction and separation can remove impurities; Statement D is incorrect as hydrochloric acid reacts with both Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃, heating should be applied (NaHCO₃ decomposes to form Na₂CO₃).
Answer: C
6. Uses and Properties (Core Exam Point: Non-Metal Classification → Use Matching)
Question 11 (2021 Beijing Paper)
The incorrect correspondence of uses and properties of the following non-metal elements or compounds is ( )
| Substance | Use | Property |
|---|---|---|
| A. He | Filling balloons | Density less than air, chemically stable |
| B. Cl₂ | Disinfection of tap water | Strong oxidizing ability |
| C. SiO₂ | Manufacturing optical fibers | Conductivity |
| D. H₂ | Clean energy | Combustion product is H₂O, no pollution |
Exam Point: Correlation of uses and properties of non-metal elements/compounds
Explanation: Statement A is correct as He is suitable for filling balloons due to its low density and stability; Statement B is correct as Cl₂’s strong oxidizing ability can kill bacteria for disinfection; Statement C is incorrect as SiO₂ is not conductive, and its use in manufacturing optical fibers is due to its transparency; Statement D is correct as H₂ combustion is pollution-free, making it a clean energy source.
Answer: C
Question 12 (2020 Tianjin Paper)
The incorrect statement is ( )
A. Activated carbon has adsorption properties and can be used for water purification
B. Sulfur dioxide has bleaching properties and can be used for bleaching paper
C. Silicon dioxide has conductivity and can be used to make chips
D. Nitrogen gas has stability and can be used as a protective gas
Exam Point: Properties and uses of non-metal compoundsExplanation: Statement A is correct as activated carbon adsorbs impurities in water; Statement B is correct as SO₂ bleaches paper (industrial application); Statement C is incorrect as Si has conductivity (semiconductor) and is used to make chips, while SiO₂ is not conductive; Statement D is correct as N₂ is chemically stable and can be used as a protective gas.Answer: C
Summary of Answers
- D 2. AD 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. C
Compilation Notes
- Each question is selected from the past 5 years of high school entrance exam questions, covering core points of non-metal classification (periodic table position, physical properties, trends in non-metallicity, chemical properties, identification and purification, uses), corresponding to previous quick review card knowledge points.
- The explanations focus on “exam point correlation” to help you quickly recall knowledge points and strengthen the logical chain of “classification → properties → applications”.
- Question types are aligned with actual exam formats and can be used for timed practice (recommended to complete in 15 minutes) to self-check mastery of exam points.
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