In Linux systems, various commands are used for system inspections to check system status, performance, configuration, and security. Here are some commonly used Linux inspection commands and their descriptions:
1. System Information
● uname -a：Displays all system information, including kernel version, hostname, etc.
● hostname：Displays or sets the system’s hostname.
2. System Load and Performance
● top：Real-time display of system processes and resource usage.
● htop (requires installation): An enhanced version of the top command that provides a more user-friendly interface.
● vmstat：Displays virtual memory statistics.
● iostat：Displays CPU and input/output statistics.
3. Disk Usage
● df：Displays disk space usage.
● du：Displays disk usage of specified directories or files.
4. Memory Usage
● free：Displays total memory, used memory, free memory, etc.
● meminfo：Displays more detailed memory usage information.
5. Network Status
● ifconfig (replaced by ip addr in some newer systems): Displays network interface configuration.
● ip addr：Displays the IP address of network interfaces.
● ping：Tests network connectivity.
● netstat：Displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, etc.
6. Process and Task Management
● ps：Displays currently running processes.
● pstree：Displays processes in a tree structure.
● kill：Sends a signal to a specified process.
7. System Logs
● dmesg：Displays or controls the kernel ring buffer.
● journalctl (systemd system): Queries and displays system logs.
8. System Service Management
● systemctl (systemd system): Controls the systemd system and service manager.
● service：Starts, stops, or views the status of system services.
9. File System and File Operations
● ls：Lists directory contents.
● find：Finds files in the directory tree.
● grep：Searches text files and prints matching lines.
10. User and Permission Management
● who：Displays information about currently logged-in users.
● w：Displays activity of logged-in users.
● id：Displays user and group IDs for a specified user.
● sudo：Executes commands with superuser privileges.
11. Security and Firewall
● iptables：Displays or manages the Linux kernel’s network firewall rules.
● firewall-cmd (for systems using firewalld): Controls the firewalld firewall.
12. Package Management
● apt (Debian/Ubuntu): Package management tool.
● yum (Fedora/CentOS): Package management tool.
● dnf (Fedora/RHEL): Next-generation yum package manager.
13. System Updates and Patches
● apt-get update (Debian/Ubuntu): Updates package index.
● apt-get upgrade：Upgrades all upgradable packages.
● yum update (Fedora/CentOS): Updates packages.
14. Hardware Information
● lshw：Lists system hardware information.
● lscpu：Displays CPU architecture information.
15. Performance Monitoring Tools
● iotop：Monitors disk I/O usage.
● nmon (requires installation): A performance monitoring tool that displays CPU, memory, network, and disk usage.
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