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Today we will learn about the four major components of an automobile through a bilingual comparison: the engine (engine system), body, chassis, and electrical equipment. While mastering the basic knowledge of automobiles, we will also include some bilingual vocabulary from the Automotive Industry Information Network. Everyone is also welcome to study automotive interpreting and translation systematically with us.
Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis, and electrical equipment.
Today’s ordinary cars consist of about 15,000 separate components. These components are divided into four categories: engine (engine system), body, chassis, and electrical equipment.
Engine 发动机/引擎系统
The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission.
The engine is the component that generates power. The internal combustion engine is the most common. The engine obtains energy by burning liquid gasoline in its cylinder (converting the energy of gasoline into kinetic energy to drive the car). Engines are divided into gasoline (spark-ignition) engines and diesel (compression-ignition) engines. Both types of engines are referred to as heat engines. The burning gasoline generates heat, which increases the gas pressure inside the cylinder, thereby providing energy to rotate the transmission shaft.
Body 车身
An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.
The automobile body is composed of a metal sheet shell, windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk lid. The body provides a protective cover for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The design of the body should follow the principle of ensuring passenger safety and comfort. The styling of the body gives the car an attractive, colorful, and modern exterior.
Chassis 底盘
The chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating part of a vehicle. The chassis includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems.
The chassis is assembled from the main operating systems of the automobile. It includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems.
Transmission systems convey the drive to the wheels. The main components are clutch, gearbox, drive shaft, final drive, and differential.
Transmission systems convey the drive to the wheels. The main components are clutch, gearbox, drive shaft, final drive, and differential.
Suspension absorbs the road shocks.
Suspension absorbs road vibrations.
Steering controls the direction of the movement.
Steering controls the direction of the vehicle’s movement.
Brake slows down the vehicle.
Brake slows down the car.
Electrical Equipment 电气设备
The electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit.
The electrical equipment provides power for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The power level is maintained through a charging circuit.
Finally, we present some automobile terminology from the Automotive Industry Information Network.
车轮系统 Wheeling System
轮毂 Wheel Hub
轮胎 Tire轮胎汽门嘴 Tire Valve轮圈 Wheel Disk轮圈盖 Wheel Cover
内胎(含内衬) Inner Tire (Flap)
电气零件 Electrical Parts
电瓶 Battery
中央门控 Central Door Lock分电盘 Distributor火星塞 Spark Plug汽车用电子钟 Digital Clock汽车音响 Car Audio防盗器 Car Burglar Alarm雨刷及雨刷连杆 Wiper / Linkage保险丝座 Fuse Seat保险丝 Fuse洗涤壶 Windshield Washer配线 Wire Harness汽车用光盘 Car CD汽车用液晶显示器 Car LCD调整器 Regulator整流器 Rectifier电子点火器 Ignition Module倒车显示器 Rear View Display定速器 Cruise ControllerHID车灯安定器组合 HID Ballast Complete Set for HeadlightsLED 灯 LED Lamp车灯控制器 Lighting Controller点火线圈模块 Ignition Coil Module高压线组 Ignition Cable喇叭 Horn发电机(零件) Alternator (Components)开关类 Switch蜂鸣器 Buzzer预热塞 Glow Plug仪表 Combination Meter灯泡 Bulb点火线圈 Ignition Coil继电器 Relay倒车雷达 Reverse Sensor电池充电器 Battery Charger闪光器 Flasher省电器 Energy Saving Unit端子 Terminal电动座椅装置 Power Seat Unit马达零件 Motor Components
汽车外饰 Exterior Parts
水箱饰罩 Radiator Grille
天线 Antenna车身护条 Side Protector防撞护垫 Bumper Pad后视镜 Door Mirror装饰贴纸、标志 Ornament Mark轮弧 Fender Trim挡泥板 Mud Guard扰流板 Spoiler前防撞杆 Guard Assy (Front)后防撞杆 Guard Assy (Rear)
汽车内饰 Interior Parts
仪表板 Instrument Panel
中央置物箱 Console孔塞 Grommet Plug地毯 Floor Mat安全带 Seat Belt车门扶手 Door Armrest车门把手 Door Handle车门锁 Door Lock车顶内衬 Roof Lining车窗升降摇柄 Window Lifter Handle车窗升降机 Window Lifter防水衬条 Weatherstrip油量表 Fuel Gauge门饰板 Door Trim室内镜 Room Mirror音响喇叭盖 Speaker Cover(电动)座椅 (Electric) Seat顶蓬 Headlining烟灰缸 Ashtray各类隔音垫 All Kinds of Silencer饰板/饰条 Garnish / Trim仪表饰板 Instrument Panel Garnish遮阳板 Sunvisor压条 Moulding点烟器 Cigar Lighter备胎板 Trim for Spare Tire天窗 Sun Roof后置物板 Rear Parcel Shelf
后舱室饰板 Rear Trunk Trim
引擎零件 Engine Parts
引擎 Engine
引擎波司 Engine Bush引擎修理包 Engine Gasket Kits引擎零件 Engine Parts凸轮轴 Camshaft凸轮轴链轮 Sprocket Camshaft皮带张力器 Tensioner 曲轴 Crankshaft 曲轴皮带盘 Crankshaft Pulley 曲轴轴承片 Crankshaft Bearing 汽门 Valve 汽门座 Valve Seat 汽门摇臂 Valve Arm 汽门摇臂盖 Rocker Cover 汽门弹簧 Valve Spring 汽门导管 Valve Guide 汽缸头(盖) Cylinder Head 汽缸衬套 Cylinder Liner 汽缸体 Cylinder Block 波司垫片 Washer 活塞 Piston活塞肖 Piston Pin 活塞环 Piston Ring 活塞衬套 Piston Liner 飞轮 Flywheel 飞轮环齿轮 Ring Gear of Flywheel 时规炼条/皮带 Timing Chain/Belt 连杆 Connecting Rod 连杆轴承片 Connecting Rod Bearing 摇臂轴 Rocker Arm Shaft 汽门锁 Valve Cotter 止推垫片 Thrust Washer 共鸣箱 Resonator 喷油嘴 Injection Nozzle 燃料系统 Fueling System 油箱 Fuel Tank 油箱浮筒 Gauge Fuel Tank 空气滤清器 Air Cleaner 空气滤清器盖 Air Cleaner Cover 空气滤清器导管 Air Intake Tube空气滤蕊 Air Cleaner Element 消音器 Exhaust Muffler排气歧管 Exhaust Manifold排气管 Exhaust Pipe 进气歧管 Intake Manifold 节流阀 Throttle Valve 燃油管 Fuel Pipe 燃油帮浦 Fuel Pump 燃油滤清器 Fuel Filter 触媒转化器 Catalytic Converter柴油车黑烟净化器 Diesel Particulate Filter 时规炼条/皮带外盖 Timing Chain/Belt Cover 燃料系统 Fueling System 废气回收管 EGR Tube 冷却系统 Cooling System 水箱 Radiator 水管 Water Hose 水箱水管 Radiator Hose 水帮浦 Water Pump 水箱风扇 Radiator Fan 风扇 Fan 副水箱 Auxiliary Radiator 节温器 Thermostat调节器 Regulator 水箱支架 Radiator Mounting 冷却系统 Cooling System A/C风扇 A/C Fan 润滑系统 Lubrication System 油底壳 Oil Pan自排车用滤油器 Oil Filter for Automatic Transmission机油尺 Oil Level Gauge机油帮浦 Oil Pump机油滤清器 Oil Filter机油滤网 Oil Strainer润滑系统 Lubrication System机油尺导管 Oil Level Gauge Tube 空调系统 Air-conditioning System 冷气总成 A/C Assembly 冷气配管 A/C Hose冷气导风管 A/C Duct 冷气压缩机 A/C Compressor 冷凝器 A/C Condenser 暖气总成 Heater Assembly鼓风机 Blower Assembly 蒸发器 Evaporator 冷媒管 A/C Pipe 储液瓶 A/C Receiver
车身和底盘 Car Body & Chassis
车门 Door Panel
车顶板 Roof 底盘及其另件 Chassis and Related Parts 底盘车架 Frame 门框 Sash 保险杆 Bumper钣金件 Stamping Parts 叶子板 Fender 横梁 Cross Member 行李箱盖 Trunk Lid 车柱 Pillar 车身钣金件 Body & Stamping Parts支架 Bracket 补强板 Reinforcement Plate 底盘系统 Chassis System 下臂 Lower Arm 上臂 Upper Arm 手剎车拉柄 Parking Brake Lever 支柱总成 Strut Assembly 方向盘 Steering Wheel比例阀 Proportional Valve 主轴、副轴 Mainshaft / Countershaft 平衡杆 Stabilizer Bar 扭力杆 Torsion Bar 剎车分泵 Brake Cylinder 剎车来令片 Brake Lining Shoe 剎车油管(软) Brake Hose 剎车油管(硬) Brake Tube 剎车真空倍力器 Brake Vacuum Booster剎车总泵 Brake Master Cylinder 后轴总成 Rear Axle Assembly 动力方向系统 Power Steering System 动力转向油管 Power Steering Hose 动力转向帮浦 Power Steering Pump 控制拉线 Control Cable 排档杆 Shift Lever 排档头 Knob 球形接头 Ball Joint 等速接头 C.V. Joint 传动轴 Propeller Shaft 叶片弹簧 Leaf Spring 鼓、碟式剎车器 Drum / Disc Brake Assembly 鼓式剎车盘 Brake Drum碟式剎车盘 Brake Disc 辅助气囊 Air Bag 踏板 Pedal 齿轮 Gear 横拉杆接头 Tie-Rod End 螺旋弹簧 Coil Spring 避震器 Shock Absorber 转向连杆 Steering Linkage 转向节臂 Knuckle 转向齿轮箱 Steering Gear Box 转向机柱 Steering Column 转向总成 Steering Assembly 离合器分泵 Clutch Cylinder离合器片 Clutch Disc 离合器外壳 Clutch Case离合器总成 Clutch Assembly 离合器总泵 Clutch Master Cylinder离合器释放轴承 Clutch Release Bearing变速箱 Transmission Box 变速箱外壳 Transmission Case 曳力杆 Trailing Arm 避震器前后活塞杆 Piston Rod of Front and Rear Shock Absorber 底盘系统 Chassis System 自排变速箱修理包 Automatic Transmission Gasket Kits齿条 Gear Rack
剎车真空管 Brake Boost Vacuum Tube
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