The C++ exception handling mechanism allows a program to transfer control from the point of error to specialized error handling code when a runtime error occurs. The core mechanism is based on three keywords: throw, try, and catch. Key components: 1. throw When an error is detected, an exception object is thrown using throw. Any … Read more
1. Initial Impressions of Structures in C and C++ A structure (struct) can encapsulate different types of data together, forming a new, more complex data type. For example, in C, if we want to describe a student’s information, such as name, age, and score, we can define a structure like this: struct Student { char … Read more
Classes and objects in C++ are core concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), providing features such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Below is a detailed introduction to constructors, destructors, and operator overloading: 1. Basics of Classes and Objects A class is a user-defined data type that encapsulates data (member variables) and operations (member functions). An object … Read more
Detailed Explanation of GESP C++ Level 2 Certification Standards 1. Computer Storage and Networking Knowledge Point Description ROM, RAM, Cache: Functions and differences of Read-Only Memory, Random Access Memory, and Cache Memory Classification of Computer Networks: Wide Area Network (WAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Local Area Network (LAN) TCP/IP Four-Layer Model and OSI Seven-Layer Model: … Read more
In the last article, we introduced how containers use std::allocator. But what if we want to use std::allocator directly?Typically, we do not use std::allocator methods directly, but rather through a utility class (pseudo code below, Code Example 1): // Code Example 1 namespace std { template<class Alloc> struct allocator_traits { // Alloc is usually template<class … Read more
Introduction Today, we will discuss DP, which stands for Dynamic Programming. There are many types of DP, such as Knapsack DP, Digit DP, Tree DP, and Bitmask DP… These are all advanced skills that I will share with you in the future. For today, let’s simply understand the basics of DP. 01 Dynamic Programming Concepts … Read more
C++ unique_ptr Exclusive Ownership Management In modern C++, memory management is an important topic. Traditional manual memory management can easily lead to issues such as memory leaks and dangling pointers. To simplify this process, C++11 introduced smart pointers, among which <span>std::unique_ptr</span> is a very useful tool that provides exclusive ownership features. What is unique_ptr? <span>std::unique_ptr</span> … Read more
C++ Advanced: In-Depth Understanding of Virtual Functions, Inheritance, and Polymorphism In C++ object-oriented programming, inheritance and polymorphism are two core concepts. Today, we will delve into several important features closely related to polymorphism in C++: virtual functions, the <span>virtual</span> keyword, the <span>override</span> keyword, multiple inheritance, and virtual inheritance. These topics are key to understanding the … Read more
Here is a simple summary of some programming mistakes that C++ beginners often make, providing a reference for newcomers. 1. Some keywords are unnecessarily repeated in the cpp file For C++ classes, some keywords only need to be written in the .h file and do not need to be repeated in the cpp file, such … Read more
Time Limit: 2s Memory Limit: 192MB Problem Description Calculate the square root using the iterative method Formula: The iterative formula for finding the square root of a is: X[n+1]=(X[n]+a/X[n])/2. The absolute difference between two consecutive results must be less than 0.00001. Output should be rounded to 3 decimal places. Input Format X Output Format The … Read more