Today, while working on an intelligent voice control module, I wanted to reinforce my knowledge of serial communication. Upon reviewing my previous notes, I found them lacking in detail, so I decided to write a new article explaining the principles of serial communication, covering both hardware and software implementations clearly. This will thoroughly clarify the … Read more
Click the blue text Follow us 1. First of all, UART and TTL are completely different concepts. UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, which is a serial asynchronous communication protocol. The TTL level signal specifies that +5V is equivalent to logic “1” and 0V is equivalent to logic “0” (when using binary to represent data). … Read more
Concept of DMA DMA (Direct Memory Access) allows data transfer without direct control from the CPU. It creates a direct pathway for data transfer between RAM and I/O devices, significantly improving CPU efficiency. There are several methods for UART data reception: the interrupt mode of UART isthe most commonly used data transmission method in microcontrollers, … Read more
1. Key Points of UART Hardware Resources and Configuration UART Resources of ESP32ESP32 supports 3 UART controllers (UART0, UART1, UART2), but actual availability is limited by pin conflicts: UART0: Default for REPL debugging (flashing and serial monitoring), using GPIO1 (TX), GPIO3 (RX) UART1: Some development boards connect to external Flash/SD cards (conflicts should be avoided), … Read more
Table of Contents Introduction: Interface Protocols – The “Digital Language” of Embedded Systems 1. Low-Speed Communication Interfaces: Efficient Solutions for Simple Scenarios 2. High-Speed Communication Interfaces: The Backbone of Large Data Transmission 3. Specialized Domain Interfaces: “Specialists” for Specific Scenarios 4. Practical Applications and Selection Guide for Interface Protocols 5. Interactive Poll: Which Embedded Interface … Read more
FT4232HL-REEL Chip: The Multi-Protocol Translator in the Hardware World When Engineers Need Devices to “Speak” USB Language In industrial workshops, PLC controllers and computers are separated by high walls of communication protocols; the massive data collected by medical devices is stuck at transmission bottlenecks; even the smart home remote control in your hand may hide … Read more
Various communication protocols are used in automotive ECUs. Previous articles introduced several serial communication methods, such as: Understanding the SPI Protocol: Principles, Architecture, and Applications Understanding the I2C Communication Protocol Understanding the Differences Between I2C and SPI Buses Chassis Domain Control: Have You Heard of AK and PSI5? In this article, we will introduce another … Read more
The UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a serial communication device that serves as a bidirectional, serial, asynchronous communication bus. It can achieve full-duplex communication using one data receiving line (RX), one data transmitting line (TX), and a ground line (GND). As shown in the figure below: When communicating using UART, the unit of transmission is … Read more
1. Comparison of Communication Speeds: SPI, I2C, UART SPI > I2C > UART 1. Synchronous communication > Asynchronous communication; 2. In synchronous communication, a clock line must connect both ends of the transmission; 3. All are serial communication methods, while parallel communication is used for internal storage communication, such as flash; 4. The suitable transmission … Read more
UART in Embedded Communication Protocols In the first phase, we have mastered the basic theory and preliminary practice of UART, including the basic concepts of frame structure and baud rate. Now, we will delve into the configuration details of the UART protocol, particularly focusing on the calculation of baud rate error and the application of … Read more