Communication Protocols

Essential Guide for Embedded Development Beginners: Unlocking 100 Core Questions Across 4 Dimensions (Including Communication / Programming / Hardware)

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You are an embedded hardware engineer and embedded software engineer with 20 years of experience, as well as a computer scientist. Please provide detailed answers from a beginner’s perspective, keeping my requirements in mind, and answer everything at once: 1. What are the commonly used microcontrollers in embedded systems? 2. What is an MCU? What … Read more

Understanding PLC Selection: Comparison of Mainstream Brands/Series + Beginner’s Pitfall Guide

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Faced with the dazzling array of PLC brands in the market (Mitsubishi, Siemens, Omron…), how should beginners choose? Today, using real factory cases for comparison, I will teach you the 3 steps to select the most suitable PLC! 1. Core Differences Among Mainstream Brands Brand Features Typical User Profile Representative Models Mitsubishi Japanese representative, strong … Read more

In-Depth Understanding: Modbus-RTU Protocol Based on RS-485 Communication

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Whether it is RS-485 or MODBUS, their applications are very extensive in the fields of industrial automation, the Internet of Things, and embedded systems. Today, we will introduce the Modbus-RTU protocol based on RS-485 communication. We will gradually explain what Modbus is, from the 485 protocol to the Modbus protocol and then to the porting … Read more

Introduction to Siemens PLC Communication

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1. Core Communication Protocols: The Engineer’s Toolbox We categorize the most commonly used communication methods into three main types to facilitate quick selection in your projects. First Type: The most integrated and mainstream “one-stop” solution 1. PROFINET (Key Focus) This is the absolute mainstream and preferred choice for Siemens S7-1200/1500/400 series, representing the implementation of … Read more

In-Depth Analysis of the Bluetooth LMP Protocol

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In the Bluetooth communication system, Link Manager Protocol (LMP) is one of the key protocols at the control layer, responsible for establishing, configuring, and maintaining links between Bluetooth devices. As a fundamental component of the Bluetooth Core Specification, LMP operates directly above the physical layer (PHY) and facilitates control signaling interactions between devices through the … Read more

Core Knowledge Points for Autumn Recruitment in Embedded Development

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In the job search for embedded development, solid foundational knowledge is the key to success. 1. Program Compilation and Execution Process Four Stages of Generating Executable Programs Preprocessing → Compilation → Assembly → Linking Preprocessing Stage: Handles macro definitions, header file inclusions, conditional compilation, and other pre-compilation directives. Compilation Stage: Converts the preprocessed code into … Read more

What is Modbus and Its Basic Working Principles (Text Version)

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Yesterday, we shared a video introducing Modbus (What is Modbus and Its Basic Working Principles). Today, we have reorganized and summarized the content of this video to share with everyone: This video revolves around one of the most commonly used communication protocols in the field of industrial automation—Modbus. It provides a detailed introduction to its … Read more

Analysis of the 8 Common Communication Protocol Stacks in Embedded Systems

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Concept of Communication Protocol Stacks What is a Protocol Stack? A protocol stack is essentially a set of layered communication rules, where each layer has a specific function, such as data encapsulation, transmission path selection, error checking, etc. This layered structure allows developers to modularly design at different levels, enhancing the system’s flexibility and compatibility. … Read more

S7 or Modbus? S7 is Powerful, but…

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S7 or Modbus? S7 is Powerful, but...

In the field of industrial automation, communication protocols are the technical foundation for data exchange between devices.S7 protocol and Modbus protocol are the two most common communication methods in industrial control, but they have significant differences in applicable scenarios and technical characteristics. 1.Protocol Essence: Specific Ecosystem vs Open Standard S7 protocol: A proprietary protocol developed … Read more

Chapter 6: Multi-Agent Systems

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Chapter 6: Multi-Agent Systems

1. Why Do We Need Multiple Agents? Division of Labor, Fault Tolerance, and Coverage of Specialized Fields A single agent can accomplish a “task,” but when faced with complex projects, multi-role collaboration, and high fault tolerance requirements, it becomes inadequate. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) provide core value by enabling multiple specialized agents to collaborate, working in … Read more