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Application of Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) in Pain Monitoring

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Application of Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) in Pain Monitoring

（长按 识别二维码 搜索更多麻醉学知识点） 【Definition】 The Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) is a monitoring tool that measures the photoplethysmographic signal from the fingertip to monitor the nociception-anti-nociception balance during general anesthesia. 【Principle】 Stress stimuli activate the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, inducing distal vascular contraction. By measuring the absorption of red light from the fingertip, the photoplethysmographic pulse … Read more

Everything You Need to Know About SPI Protocol

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Everything You Need to Know About SPI Protocol

What is covered? Introduction to SPI Protocol 4-Wire or 3-Wire? 4 Operating Modes Multiple Transmission Rates Timing of SPI Protocol Upgraded SPI Protocol FPGA Implementation of SPI Protocol Comparison of SPI and IIC Conclusion Introduction to SPI Protocol The three most commonly used serial communication protocols between different chips on a board are UART, I2C, … Read more

Understanding Computer Buses: Key Insights

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Understanding Computer Buses: Key Insights

Source: Official Account — — — Technical Courtyard Introduction: Spreading knowledge and broadening horizons. A technical repository. See the world with a unique perspective, interesting and informative. 【Guide】 Engineers often use a set of lines, configured with appropriate interface circuits, to connect various components and peripheral devices, referred to as a bus, to simplify hardware … Read more

Understanding the SPI Communication Interface in Microcontrollers

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Understanding the SPI Communication Interface in Microcontrollers

UART, I2C, and SPI are the three most commonly used communication protocols in microcontroller systems. In this lesson, we will learn about the remaining SPI communication protocol. SPI stands for Serial Peripheral Interface. As the name suggests, it is a serial interface for peripheral devices. SPI is a high-speed, full-duplex, synchronous communication bus that typically … Read more

10 Animated GIFs to Understand Common Bus Communication Principles

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10 Animated GIFs to Understand Common Bus Communication Principles

These animated GIFs displaying signal waveforms in electronic systems help us understand the mechanisms of signal transmission. 1 SPI Transmission ▲ Figure 1 SPI Data Transmission ▲ Figure 1.2 SPI Data Transmission (2) ▲ Figure 1.3 SPI Timing Signal 2 I²C Transmission ▲ Figure 1.2.1 I2C Bus and Addressing Method 3 UART Transmission ▲ Figure … Read more

Understanding Communication Protocols Through Animations

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Understanding Communication Protocols Through Animations

Search on WeChat Technical Training The following animations displaying signal waveforms in electronic systems help us understand the principles of transmission. Sharing with everyone. 1. SPI Transmission ▲ Figure 1 SPI Output Transmission ▲ Figure 2 SPI Data Transmission (2) ▲ Figure 3 SPI Timing Signal 2. I2C Transmission ▲ Figure 4 I2C Bus and … Read more

Summary of Common Interfaces for ARM Microcontrollers

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Summary of Common Interfaces for ARM Microcontrollers

1 I2C Bus The programming related to I2C mainly involves two situations: ARM chips with dedicated controllers and microcontroller chips without controllers. For ARM chips with controllers, operations are performed based on the data manual by setting the corresponding registers (control registers, status registers, etc.); however, for microcontroller chips without controllers, I2C protocol needs to … Read more

Detailed Explanation of SPI in Electronic Communication

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Detailed Explanation of SPI in Electronic Communication

When connecting a microcontroller to sensors, displays, or other modules, have you ever considered how the two devices communicate? What exactly are they saying? How can they understand each other? Communication between electronic devices is like communication between humans; both parties need to speak the same language. In electronics, these languages are called communication protocols. … Read more

I2C and SPI Bus Analysis and Applications

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I2C and SPI Bus Analysis and Applications

” KE CHUANG YANG FAN “ “I2C and SPI Bus Analysis and Applications” ——I2C and SPI Bus Analysis and Applications In order to inspire students’ enthusiasm for technology and help them better understand and learn about serial communication knowledge, the Student Science and Technology Association of the School of Automation and Information Engineering (hereinafter referred … Read more

Mastering I2C/SPI Communication Protocols

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Mastering I2C/SPI Communication Protocols

Communication Protocol What are the differences between synchronous vs asynchronous and serial vs parallel? Communication protocols are fundamental skills that are applicable everywhere. However, very few people can confidently say they fully understand a specific communication protocol. Often, we only use part of the protocol. Hardware Engineer Growth Plan Phase IV: Hard Sound UP Master … Read more