01 Research Background Opioids are the most widely used analgesics in the perioperative period. Research indicates that even patients who have not received opioid treatment are at significant risk for chronic opioid use after major or minor surgeries. In particular, the dose-dependent induction of hyperalgesia and tolerance by remifentanil may lead to postoperative chronic pain … Read more
Author: Zhang Jing | Reviewer: Niu Zheng | Editor: Li Dongge 01 Introduction Reducing the use of opioids during surgery has been a hot topic in clinical research. Currently, there is no clear tool to monitor the truly appropriate dosage of opioids during general anesthesia. Clinically, hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure … Read more
（长按 识别二维码 搜索更多麻醉学知识点） 【Definition】 The Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) is a monitoring tool that measures the photoplethysmographic signal from the fingertip to monitor the nociception-anti-nociception balance during general anesthesia. 【Principle】 Stress stimuli activate the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, inducing distal vascular contraction. By measuring the absorption of red light from the fingertip, the photoplethysmographic pulse … Read more