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From Physical Layer to Application Layer: Layered Design of Bluetooth Protocol Stack and the Evolution of BLE Low Power Consumption

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From Physical Layer to Application Layer: Layered Design of Bluetooth Protocol Stack and the Evolution of BLE Low Power Consumption

The Bluetooth protocol architecture adopts a layered structure, covering multiple protocol components from the physical communication at the bottom layer to the application data transmission at the top layer. The Bluetooth protocol stack is suitable for Classic Bluetooth (BR/EDR) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), which have similar basic architectures, but BLE is optimized for low … Read more

BLE DTM Testing: The “Health Check Expert” for Bluetooth RF Performance

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BLE DTM Testing: The "Health Check Expert" for Bluetooth RF Performance

BLE DTM Testing In today’s rapidly developing Internet of Things (IoT) landscape, Low Energy Bluetooth (BLE) technology is widely used in wearable devices, smart homes, medical devices, and other fields due to its advantages of low power consumption and low latency. BLE DTM testing, as an important means of testing Bluetooth RF performance, acts like … Read more

Applications of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS) in Smart Buildings

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Applications of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS) in Smart Buildings

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly transformed the landscape of smart buildings. From optimizing energy management to enhancing security, IoT technology is driving the evolution of next-generation smart infrastructure. Among these technologies, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS) have become essential tools for achieving real-time tracking and asset … Read more

Major Update on CCC Digital Key Certification! Incorporating UWB and BLE

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Major Update on CCC Digital Key Certification! Incorporating UWB and BLE

Source: Smart Communication and Positioning Circle As an authoritative organization enhancing consumer experience through standardized, secure, and convenient connectivity solutions, the Car Connectivity Consortium (CCC) has recently announced that its CCC Digital Key™ certification program now includes low-energy Bluetooth (BLE) and ultra-wideband (UWB) technologies. This expansion builds on the existing NFC-supported certification system, adding key … Read more

Mi Home BLE Device Development Guide

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Mi Home BLE Device Development Guide

This article will describe the development process of Mi Home BLE devices from three aspects: the Xiaomi Developer Platform, embedded software, and extension programs. The focus here is mainly on introducing the core development steps, while the content that can be completed independently by referring to the documentation will not be elaborated upon.1. Developer Platform … Read more

Advanced Embedded Programming | Detailed Flowchart of DSPS Protocol Stack Software on DA14531 (Organized with DeepSeek)

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Advanced Embedded Programming | Detailed Flowchart of DSPS Protocol Stack Software on DA14531 (Organized with DeepSeek)

01Introduction: The DSPS (Dialog Serial Port Service) protocol stack is based on the BLE GATT protocol to implement serial data transmission. The core process is divided into four stages: initialization, connection management, data transmission, and low power control. Initialization → Broadcasting/Scanning → Establishing Connection → Data Transmission → Sleep/Wake → Disconnect → Loop 02Detailed Flowchart … Read more

Significant Update on CCC Digital Key Certification! Now Includes UWB and BLE

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Significant Update on CCC Digital Key Certification! Now Includes UWB and BLE

[Image] Source: Smart Communication and Positioning Circle [Image] As an authoritative organization that enhances consumer experience through standardized, secure, and convenient interconnected solutions, the Car Connectivity Consortium (CCC) has recently announced that its CCC Digital Key™ certification program now encompasses Low Energy Bluetooth (BLE) and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technologies…

Learning BLE from Scratch: Connection (Part 2)

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Learning BLE from Scratch: Connection (Part 2)

Although our article is titled “Connection”, we are still within the scope of broadcast packets. Why is that?Do you remember the types of broadcasts we introduced?Among them, CONNECT_REQ, also known as CONNECT_IND, is the initiator’s connection request.Broadcast Packet TypesCONNECT_IND PacketDo you remember what this header means?Broadcast Packet HeaderBroadcast Packet Structure When introducing broadcasts, the following … Read more

Cat-Localizer: Build Your Cat Tracker with BLE Beacons, ESP32, and Machine Learning

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Cat-Localizer: Build Your Cat Tracker with BLE Beacons, ESP32, and Machine Learning

Is your cat always elusive at home, driving you crazy? Don’t worry! Today, we will unveil a powerful cat localization system based on BLE beacons, ESP32, and machine learning—Cat-Localizer! It can help you track your cat’s location in real-time, putting an end to the troubles of “cat searching”! How Cat-Localizer Works The core idea of … Read more

Understanding Mi Home BLE Devices

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Understanding Mi Home BLE Devices

With the opening of the Mi Home platform, many BLE devices have been integrated, such as sensors (temperature and humidity meters, door/window sensors, water immersion sensors, etc.), toothbrushes, water cups, fascia guns, and more. BLE devices typically have several notable characteristics: battery-powered/low power consumption, and direct communication with mobile phones over short distances. When integrating … Read more