This document summarizes some commonly used systems and download addresses on servers, as well as operations for switching to domestic software sources, for reference only. Regarding system selection, I personally recommend Ubuntu, or if you must use RHEL-based systems, CentOS is no longer available, but Alma and Rocky are quite similar. For domestic use, consider using openEuler.

1. RHEL-based Distributions

1. AlmaLinux

• Official website: https://almalinux.org/

Common domestic mirrors:

• Tencent Cloud: https://mirrors.tencent.com/almalinux/

• Zhejiang University: https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/almalinux/

• Shanghai Jiao Tong University: https://mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn/almalinux/

• Alibaba Cloud: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/almalinux/

Configuration for Zhejiang University mirror (using AlmaLinux 9 as an example):

sudo sed -i 's|mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g; s|baseurl=http://repo.almalinux.org|baseurl=https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/almalinux|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/almalinux*.repo

2. Rocky Linux

• Official website: https://rockylinux.org/

• Download: https://download.rockylinux.org/

• Tencent mirror: https://mirrors.tencent.com/rocky/

Configuration for Tsinghua mirror (using Rocky Linux 9 as an example):

sudo sed -i 's|mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g; s|baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky*.repo

3. openEuler

• Official website: https://openeuler.org/

• Tsinghua mirror: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/openeuler/

Configuration for Tsinghua mirror (using openEuler 22.03-LTS as an example):

sudo sed -i 's|repo.openeuler.org|mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/openeuler|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo

2. Debian-based Distributions

1. Debian

• Official website: https://www.debian.org/distrib/

• Tsinghua mirror: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/

One-line configuration (Debian 12 bookworm):

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<EOF
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free-firmware
EOF

2. Ubuntu

• Official website: https://ubuntu.com/download

• Tsinghua mirror: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/

One-line configuration (Ubuntu 22.04 jammy):

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<EOF
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

3. Kali Linux

• Official website: https://www.kali.org/get-kali/

• Tsinghua mirror: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kali/

One-line configuration (Kali rolling):

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<EOF
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
EOF

3. Virtualization Platforms

1. Proxmox VE

• Official website: https://www.proxmox.com/downloads

• Tsinghua mirror: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/proxmox/

One-line configuration (Proxmox VE 8.x):

echo "deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/proxmox/debian/pve bookworm pve-no-subscription" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve.list