<span>rpm</span> is a command-line tool used to manage RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) software packages in Red Hat-based Linux distributions (such as CentOS, RHEL, Fedora). It can be used for operations such as installing, upgrading, querying, verifying, and removing RPM packages.
🧾 Basic Syntax:
rpm [options] [package file or name]✅ Common Usage Examples:
1. Install an RPM package
sudo rpm -ivh package.rpm<span>-i</span>: Install<span>-v</span>: Verbose output<span>-h</span>: Show installation progress
2. Upgrade an RPM package
sudo rpm -Uvh package.rpm<span>-U</span>: Upgrade, installs if not already installed
3. Remove an installed RPM package
sudo rpm -e package_name<span>-e</span>: Erase
Example:
<span>sudo rpm -e httpd</span>
4. Query all installed RPM packages
rpm -qa<span>-q</span>: Query<span>-a</span>: All installed packages
Can be combined with
<span>grep</span>to filter specific packages:rpm -qa | grep httpd
5. Check if a specific RPM package is installed
rpm -q package_nameExample:
rpm -q httpd
Example output:
httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_646. Query information about an RPM package (without installing)
rpm -qpi package.rpm<span>-p</span>: For package files that are not yet installed<span>-i</span>: Show package information
7. List files included in an RPM package
rpm -qpl package.rpm<span>-l</span>: List files
8. List files of an installed package
rpm -ql package_name9. Verify the integrity of an RPM package
rpm -V package_name<span>-V</span>: Verify
Output explanation:
<span>S</span>File size differs<span>M</span>Permissions/user/group differ<span>5</span>MD5 checksum differs<span>D</span>Device major/minor number differs<span>L</span>Symbolic link path differs<span>U</span>User differs<span>G</span>Group differs<span>T</span>Modification time differs
10. Force installation (ignore dependencies or conflicts)
sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps package.rpm⚠️ Warning: Using
<span>--nodeps</span>is not recommended as it may lead to system instability.
🛠️ Common Options Summary
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
<span>-i</span> |
Install package |
<span>-v</span> |
Show verbose output |
<span>-h</span> |
Show progress bar |
<span>-U</span> |
Upgrade package |
<span>-e</span> |
Erase package |
<span>-q</span> |
Query installed packages |
<span>-a</span> |
All installed packages |
<span>-p</span> |
Operate on RPM files (not installed) |
<span>-l</span> |
List files in package |
<span>-i</span> |
View package information |
<span>-V</span> |
Verify package |
<span>--nodeps</span> |
Ignore dependencies |
📌 Notes
<span>rpm</span>does not automatically resolve dependencies; it is recommended to use<span>yum</span>or<span>dnf</span>to manage packages (e.g.,<span>yum install package.rpm</span>).- If you need to install an RPM package but are missing dependencies, it is advisable to resolve the dependencies first using
<span>yum</span>or<span>dnf</span>.
📚 Example: Comprehensive Use of rpm
# List files of a specific package
rpm -ql httpd
# Query information about a package
rpm -qi httpd
# Install a package
sudo rpm -ivh httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
# Upgrade a package
sudo rpm -Uvh httpd-2.4.6-100.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
# Remove a package
sudo rpm -e httpd