Create DirectoryCreate a subdirectory in the current directory
# Create a subdirectory named mengyuan in the current directory
mkdir ./mengyuanCreate multiple levels of subdirectories in the current directory
# Create a subdirectory named mengnianxi in the subdirectory named mengyuan in the current directory
# Note: With the -p parameter, if the subdirectory named mengyuan does not exist, it will be created automatically (implying: the -p parameter will automatically create all parent directories of the last level)
mkdir -p ./mengyuan/mengnianxiCreate a subdirectory under a specified parent directory
# Create a subdirectory named mengyuan under the subdirectory named usr in the system root directory
mkdir /usr/mengyuanDelete DirectoryDelete an empty directory
# Delete the empty subdirectory named mengyuan in the current directory
rmdir ./mengyuanDelete a directory with content
# Delete the subdirectory named mengyuan in the current directory, and its contents will also be deleted
rm -r ./mengyuanDelete all contents in the current directory
# Delete all contents in the current directory
rm -r ./*Delete all contents in the system root directory (this operation is prohibited, as it will crash the system)
# Delete all contents in the system root directory
rm -r /*Delete a directory without manual confirmation
# After adding the -f parameter, there is no need to confirm whether to delete after executing the delete command
rm -rf ./mengyuanCopy DirectoryCopy a directory and its contents
# Copy the subdirectory named mengyuan and its contents in the current directory to a new directory named mengnianxi in the current directory
cp -r ./mengyuan ./mengnianxiCopy a directory and its contents to another directory
# Copy the subdirectory named mengyuan and its contents in the current directory to the subdirectory named usr in the system root directory, keeping the directory name as mengyuan
cp -r ./mengyuan /usr/Show progress bar while copying a directory
# Show progress bar while copying a directory
cp -rv ./mengyuan ./mengnianxiPreserve original attributes while copying a directory
# Preserve original attributes while copying a directory
# Original attributes include but are not limited to: read permissions, write permissions, execute permissions, owner, group, last modified time, etc.
cp -rp ./mengyuan ./mengnianxiMove DirectoryRename a directory
# Rename the subdirectory named mengyuan in the current directory to mengnianxi
mv ./mengyuan ./mengnianxiMove a directory (change directory name)
# Move the subdirectory named mengyuan in the current directory to the subdirectory named usr in the system root directory, renaming it to mengnianxi
mv ./mengyuan /usr/mengnianxiMove a directory (without changing directory name)
# Move the subdirectory named mengyuan in the current directory to the subdirectory named usr in the system root directory
mv ./mengyuan /usr/Show progress bar while moving a directory
# Show progress bar while moving a directory
mv -v ./mengyuan /usr/Change DirectoryEnter a subdirectory
# Enter the subdirectory named mengyuan (can be multi-level)
# Method 1
cd ./mengyuan
# Method 2
cd mengyuanEnter the parent directory
# Enter the parent directory of the current directory
cd ../Enter the system root directory
# Enter the system root directory
cd /Enter a specified directory
# Enter the subdirectory named mengyuan under the subdirectory named usr in the system root directory
cd /usr/mengyuanEnter the user’s home directory
# Enter the user's home directory
cd ~Switch to the last accessed directory
## Switch to the last accessed directory
## For example: if the last accessed directory path was /usr/mengyuan, and the current directory is /root. After using this command, the working directory will switch to /usr/mengyuan
cd -Display the current directory
# Display the current directory
# For example: if the current directory is /usr/mengyuan, it will print /usr/mengyuan
pwdShow directory and file listShow non-hidden directory and file list
# Show all non-hidden subdirectories and files in the current directory
ls ./Show all directory and file lists
# Show all subdirectories and files in the current directory
ls -a ./Show detailed information when displaying directory and file lists
# Show detailed information when displaying directories and files
# Detailed information includes: read permissions, write permissions, execute permissions, owner, group, file size, last modified time, file name
# Can be abbreviated as ll
ls -lShow friendly detailed information when displaying directory and file lists
# When showing detailed information, calculate file sizes, e.g., 1.0M, 2.15G, etc., which is more human-readable
ls -lhDisplay directory and file lists in descending order by last modified time
# Display directory and file lists in descending order by last modified time
ls -tDisplay directory and file lists in ascending order by last modified time
# Display directory and file lists in ascending order by last modified time
ls -trView help information
# View help information
ls --helpFind subdirectories and filesSearch by exact name
# Search for subdirectories and files named trace.log in the current directory and its subdirectories (recursive)
find ./ -name "trace.log"Search by name prefix
# Search for subdirectories and files whose names start with trace in the current directory and its subdirectories (recursive)
find ./ -name "trace*"Display detailed results when searching by name
# Search for subdirectories and files named trace.log in the current directory and its subdirectories (recursive), displaying detailed information
find ./ -name "trace.log" -lsSearch by owner
# Search for subdirectories and files owned by mengyuan in the current directory and its subdirectories (recursive)
find ./ -user menyuanSearch by group
# Search for subdirectories and files belonging to the group mengyuan in the current directory and its subdirectories (recursive)
find ./ -group mengyuanCreate a symbolic link
# Create a symbolic link for the subdirectory named mengyuan under the subdirectory named root in the system root directory
# Place this symbolic link in the subdirectory named usr in the system directory, naming the symbolic link mengnianxi
ln -s /root/mengyuan /usr/mengnianxi