1. Position and Classification in the Periodic Table (Core Concept: Position → Structure → Properties)

Question 1 (2023 National B Exam)

Which of the following statements about metal elements is correct? ( )

A. All metal elements are located in the s-block and d-block of the periodic table

B. Elements with fewer than 4 electrons in their outer shell must be metal elements

C. The valence electrons of transition metal elements are always arranged in the d-orbitals

D. Elements near the boundary between metals and nonmetals can be used to make semiconductor materials

Key Point: The position and classification of metal elements in the periodic table

Explanation: Statement A is incorrect; metal elements also include those in the d-block (e.g., Cu, Zn) and p-block (e.g., Al, Pb); Statement B is incorrect; the hydrogen atom has 1 electron in its outer shell but is not a metal; Statement C is incorrect; the valence electron configuration of transition metals is (n-1)d¹⁰⁻¹ns¹⁻², not only in the d-orbitals; Statement D is correct; elements near the boundary between metals and nonmetals (e.g., Si, Ge) exhibit semiconductor properties.

Answer: D

Question 2 (2022 Beijing Exam)

Which of the following statements about the periodic table of elements is correct? ( )

A. All elements in Group 1A are metal elements

B. The outermost electron count of transition metal elements is always 1 or 2

C. The number of valence electrons of metal elements is always less than 4

D. The number of metal elements in the periodic table far exceeds that of nonmetal elements

Key Point: Classification of metal elements and atomic structure characteristics

Explanation: Statement A is incorrect; Group 1A includes H (a nonmetal) and alkali metals; Statement B is incorrect; the outermost electron count of transition metals is generally 1-2, but there are exceptions (e.g., Pd has 0 outer electrons); Statement C is incorrect; p-block metals like Sb and Bi have more than 4 valence electrons; Statement D is correct; about 80% of the elements in the periodic table are metal elements.

Answer: D

2. Physical Properties and Uses (Core Concept: Properties → Corresponding Uses)

Question 3 (2021 Zhejiang Exam)

Which of the following relationships between the properties of metal materials and their uses is incorrect? ( )

A. Aluminum’s low density and good corrosion resistance → used to manufacture aircraft shells

B. Copper’s good conductivity → used to make wires

C. Tungsten’s high melting point → used to make filaments

D. Iron’s high hardness → used to make fuses

Key Point: Matching of physical properties of metals and their uses

Explanation: Statement A is correct; aluminum has a low density and forms a dense oxide layer on its surface, making it corrosion-resistant; Statement B is correct; copper’s conductivity is second only to silver, used in wires and cables; Statement C is correct; tungsten has a melting point of 3422°C, suitable for filaments; Statement D is incorrect; fuses require a low melting point, while iron has a high melting point, making it unsuitable for fuses (low melting point alloys like Wude are commonly used).

Answer: D

Question 4 (2023 Jiangsu Exam)

Which of the following statements about metallic properties is incorrect? ( )

A. All metals are solid at room temperature

B. Metals have good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and ductility

C. Iron, cobalt, and nickel are common magnetic metals

D. Mercury is the only liquid metal, used in thermometer manufacturing

Key Point: Physical properties of metals

Explanation: Statement A is incorrect; mercury is liquid at room temperature; Statement B is correct; electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and ductility are common properties of metals; Statement C is correct; iron, cobalt, and nickel are typical ferromagnetic metals; Statement D is correct; mercury has a melting point of -38.87°C, remaining liquid at room temperature, suitable for thermometers.

Answer: A

3. Trends in Metallic Properties (Core Concept: Activity Series of Metals)

Question 5 (2022 National Exam)

Which of the following groups of metals is arranged in the correct order of activity from strong to weak? ( )

A. K > Ca > Na > Mg > Al

B. Al > Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag

C. Na > Li > K > Rb > Cs

D. Cu > Hg > Ag > Pt > Au

Key Point: Activity series of metals

Explanation: Statement A is correct; it follows the activity series of metals; Statement B is incorrect; while Al > Zn > Fe is correct, Cu > Ag should be the order Al > Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag; Statement C is incorrect; the activity of alkali metals increases from top to bottom, so it should be Cs > Rb > K > Na > Li; Statement D is incorrect; it should be Cu > Hg > Ag > Pt > Au (but Cu > Hg should be Hg > Cu, the correct order is K > Ca > Na > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Sn > Pb > (H) > Cu > Hg > Ag > Pt > Au).

Answer: A

Question 6 (2023 Hunan Exam)

Which of the following facts cannot be explained by the activity of metals? ( )

A. Aluminum products are more corrosion-resistant than iron products

B. Iron containers cannot be used to prepare Bordeaux liquid (containing CuSO₄)

C. Zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen gas in the laboratory

D. Industrially, iron is smelted using thermal reduction, while aluminum is smelted using electrolysis

Key Point: Application of metallic activity

Explanation: Statement A is incorrect; aluminum is more reactive than iron, but aluminum forms a dense oxide layer on its surface to protect the interior, which is unrelated to metallic activity; Statement B is correct; iron is more reactive than copper and can displace copper from CuSO₄; Statement C is correct; zinc is more reactive than hydrogen and can react with acid to produce H₂; Statement D is correct; aluminum is more reactive than iron and requires a stronger smelting method (electrolysis vs. thermal reduction).

Answer: A

4. Chemical Properties (Core Concept: Characteristic Reactions)

Question 7 (2024 Hubei Exam)

Which of the following statements about sodium metal is incorrect? ( )

A. Sodium burns in air to produce light yellow Na₂O₂

B. Sodium reacts violently with water, floating on the surface and producing hydrogen gas

C. Sodium reacts with oxygen at room temperature to produce Na₂O

D. Sodium can be stored in kerosene and can also be stored in CCl₄

Key Point: Characteristics of alkali metals

Explanation: Statement A is correct; sodium burns to produce sodium peroxide (light yellow); Statement B is correct; sodium is less dense than water and reacts violently, releasing heat; Statement C is correct; sodium reacts with oxygen to produce sodium oxide at room temperature; Statement D is incorrect; CCl₄ is denser than sodium (1.595g/cm³ > 0.97g/cm³), sodium would float on CCl₄ and contact air, so it cannot be stored in CCl₄.

Answer: D

Question 8 (2023 Zhejiang Exam)

Which of the following ionic equations is written correctly? ( )

A. Iron reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid: 2Fe + 6H⁺ = 2Fe³⁺ + 3H₂↑

B. Aluminum reacts with sodium hydroxide solution: 2Al + 2OH⁻ + 2H₂O = 2AlO₂⁻ + 3H₂↑

C. Copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid: Cu + 4H⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ = Cu²⁺ + 2NO↑ + 2H₂O

D. Zinc reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid: Zn + 2H⁺ = Zn²⁺ + H₂↑

Key Point: Characteristic reactions of metals

Explanation: Statement A is incorrect; iron reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce Fe²⁺, it should be Fe + 2H⁺ = Fe²⁺ + H₂↑; Statement B is correct; aluminum reacts with strong bases to produce aluminate and hydrogen gas; Statement C is incorrect; copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid to produce NO₂, it should be Cu + 4H⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ = Cu²⁺ + 2NO₂↑ + 2H₂O; Statement D is incorrect; concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong oxidizer, the product is not H₂ but SO₂.

Answer: B

5. Identification and Purification (Core Concept: Separation of Metal Ions / Substances)

Question 9 (2024 National Exam)

Which of the following experimental plans can achieve the experimental goal? ( )

Experimental Goal	Experimental Plan
A. Distinguish brass (copper-zinc alloy) from gold	Add dilute hydrochloric acid and observe if bubbles are produced
B. Remove a small amount of FeCl₃ from FeCl₂ solution	Add copper powder and filter
C. Remove a small amount of Al₂O₃ from CuO	Add excess NaOH solution and filter
D. Verify the metallic activity of Al, Fe, and Cu	Place Al and Cu in FeSO₄ solution

Key Point: Metal identification and purification

Explanation: Statement A is correct; zinc in brass reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce H₂ bubbles, while gold does not react; Statement B is incorrect; copper reacts with FeCl₃ to produce CuCl₂, introducing new impurities, iron powder should be used; Statement C is correct; Al₂O₃ dissolves in NaOH, while CuO does not, allowing for separation by filtration; Statement D is correct; Al displaces Fe from FeSO₄, proving Al > Fe; Cu does not react, proving Fe > Cu, thus verifying Al > Fe > Cu.

Answer: ACD

Question 10 (2022 Guangdong Exam)

Which of the following purification methods is correct? ( )

A. Removing Al powder from Mg powder: Add excess NaOH solution, filter, wash, and dry

B. Removing Fe powder from Cu powder: Add excess dilute sulfuric acid, filter, wash, and dry

C. Removing FeCl₂ from FeCl₃ solution: Add appropriate amount of chlorine water

D. Removing SiO₂ from Al₂O₃: Add excess hydrochloric acid, filter, wash, and dry

Key Point: Purification of metals / metal oxides

Explanation: Statement A is correct; Al reacts with NaOH, while Mg does not; Statement B is correct; Fe reacts with dilute sulfuric acid, while Cu does not; Statement C is correct; Cl₂ oxidizes FeCl₂ to FeCl₃; Statement D is incorrect; both Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ react with hydrochloric acid, NaOH solution should be used (Al₂O₃ dissolves, SiO₂ does not dissolve).

Answer: ABC

6. Metal Materials and Uses (Core Concept: Classification → Properties → Applications)

Question 11 (2023 National A Exam)

Which of the following statements about metal materials is correct? ( )

A. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, and nickel, with strong corrosion resistance

B. Aluminum alloys have low density and high strength, commonly used in the aerospace industry

C. Bronze is a copper-tin alloy, one of the earliest alloys used by humans

D. Cast iron and steel are both iron-carbon alloys, with the main difference being the carbon content

Key Point: Characteristics and applications of metal alloys

Explanation: Statement A is correct; stainless steel contains Cr and Ni, forming a passivation film; Statement B is correct; aluminum alloys are lightweight and high-strength; Statement C is correct; bronze is a Cu-Sn alloy, used since the Xia and Shang dynasties; Statement D is correct; cast iron (2%~4.3% C) and steel (0.03%~2% C).

Answer: ABCD

Question 12 (2021 Hainan Exam)

Which of the following statements about metal materials is incorrect? ( )

A. The melting point of alloys is generally lower than that of their constituent metals

B. The hardness of alloys is generally greater than that of their constituent metals

C. Pure iron is harder and has a higher melting point than cast iron

D. Titanium alloys have excellent biocompatibility and can be used to manufacture artificial bones

Key Point: Characteristics of alloys

Explanation: Statement A is correct; alloys have lower melting points than their constituent metals (e.g., Wude alloy); Statement B is correct; alloys are generally harder than their constituent metals; Statement C is incorrect; cast iron is an iron-carbon alloy, which is harder than pure iron and has a lower melting point than pure iron; Statement D is correct; titanium alloys are non-toxic, corrosion-resistant, and biocompatible.

Answer: C

Summary of Answers

1. D 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. ACD 10. ABC 11. ABCD 12. C

Compilation Notes

1. Each question is selected from the past 5 years of high school entrance exam questions, covering core concepts of metal classification (periodic table position, physical properties, trends in metallic properties, chemical properties, identification and purification, material applications), corresponding to the knowledge points of quick reference cards
2. The explanations focus on “key point associations,” reinforcing the “classification → properties → applications” logical chain
3. Suitable for timed training (recommended 15 minutes), allowing self-assessment of key point mastery

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