Security Mechanisms

Understanding Discretionary Access Control (DAC) and Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

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Understanding Discretionary Access Control (DAC) and Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

Discretionary Access Control (DAC) and Mandatory Access Control (MAC) are two common security access control mechanisms. Their core difference lies in the ownership of permission management. Below, we illustrate this with relatable examples and comparisons: 1. Discretionary Access Control (DAC) Core Characteristics: “Who owns, who decides”, where the resource owner can freely allocate permissions. Relatable … Read more

Exploring the xclbin File Format of FPGA (Part 2)

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Exploring the xclbin File Format of FPGA (Part 2)

Click the blue text to follow us Exploring the xclbin File Format of FPGA (Part 2) [[0x1 Introduction]] [[0x2 Advanced Features of xclbin Files]] [[0x3 Security Mechanisms of xclbin Files]] [[0x4 Loading and Verification of xclbin Files]] [[0x5 Toolchain Analysis of xclbin Files]] [[0x6 Conclusion]] 0x1 Introduction In the previous article, we delved into the … Read more

Comprehensive Analysis of STM32 Bootloader Development: From Design to Implementation (Includes Key Code)

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Comprehensive Analysis of STM32 Bootloader Development: From Design to Implementation (Includes Key Code)

Engineers’ painful lessons: 80% of device bricking incidents stem from Bootloader design flaws! Introduction In the late-night production workshop, my colleague Wang stared blankly at the 200 devices that had just failed an upgrade—A single erroneous OTA upgrade directly caused an entire batch of devices to become bricked. This painful experience is not uncommon in … Read more

CTKD Cross-Transport Key Derivation in Bluetooth

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CTKD Cross-Transport Key Derivation in Bluetooth

CTKD Cross-Transport Key Derivation in Bluetooth Overview In Bluetooth, CTKD (Cross-Transport Key Derivation) is a security mechanism defined in the Bluetooth Core Specification (introduced in version 4.2 and gradually improved). Its main purpose is to simplify the pairing process for dual-mode Bluetooth devices (which support both Classic Bluetooth BR/EDR and Low Energy Bluetooth BLE/LE), enhance … Read more

The Role of Program Burning in PCBA Processing for Electronic Product Functionality

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The Role of Program Burning in PCBA Processing for Electronic Product Functionality

Click the blue text to follow us In the PCBA processing workshop, every completed surface-mounted circuit board with program control must undergo a “digital enlightenment”—program burning. We understand that this step directly determines the functionality and market performance of electronic products.1. The Essence of Burning: The Fusion Hub of Hardware and SoftwareBurning is not merely … Read more

Linux Privilege Escalation Techniques (Part 1)

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Linux Privilege Escalation Techniques (Part 1)

• 1. Basics of Linux Permissions • Linux Permission Management • Linux Security Mechanisms • 2. Understanding Various Shells • Interactive Shell and Non-Interactive Shell • Forward Shell and Reverse Shell • Common Reverse Shell Commands • 3. Information Gathering in Linux • Manual Enumeration of Basic Linux Information • Automated Enumeration of Basic Linux … Read more