Why Add 22 or 33 Ohm Resistors to SPI Signal Outputs?

Why Add 22 or 33 Ohm Resistors to SPI Signal Outputs?

For more experience sharing, follow RF Engineer When a microcontroller or FPGA sends SPI control signals to a phase-locked loop chip, it often requires a series connection of a 22 ohm or 33 ohm resistor. What is the reason for this? Impedance discontinuities can cause electromagnetic wave reflections, which in turn lead to signal distortion. … Read more

AC Power Supply for Microcontroller-Based Fan Speed Controller

AC Power Supply for Microcontroller-Based Fan Speed Controller

The microcontroller requires 2 to 5.5V DC power supply, which can be easily provided by batteries or auxiliary power sources. However, in some cases, microcontroller-based products must operate directly from 120 or 220V AC power outlets without using a step-down transformer or resistive voltage drop. Additionally, polyester/ polypropylene film capacitors rated for AC power can … Read more