The SPI bus is<span><span>a synchronous, bidirectional, full-duplex 4-wire serial interface bus</span></span>, originally proposed by Motorola. The SPI system consists of a “single master device + multiple slave devices.” It is important to note that as long as only one master device is active at any given time, multiple SPI master devices can exist in the … Read more
Yesterday, we shared a video introducing Modbus (What is Modbus and Its Basic Working Principles). Today, we have reorganized and summarized the content of this video to share with everyone: This video revolves around one of the most commonly used communication protocols in the field of industrial automation—Modbus. It provides a detailed introduction to its … Read more
Why I²C is one of the most commonly used communication protocols in embedded systems?1. Background and Importance of I²C Communication The I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) communication protocol was developed in the 1980s by Philips (now NXP Semiconductors) to simplify communication between various integrated circuits within electronic devices. It is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring low-speed interconnection … Read more
In the past year, Multi-Agent systems have been gaining significant traction, with continuous funding and increasing popularity. From AutoGPT to MetaGPT, from CrewAI to LangGraph, various multi-agent frameworks are emerging. The domestic phenomenon Manus, along with the recently open-sourced OpenManus by the MetaGPT team, are notable examples. OpenAI’s Swarm, Microsoft’s AutoGen, and Anthropic’s Claude Code … Read more
I2C is a synchronous, half-duplex serial communication bus protocol used for connecting low-speed peripherals. The main features include: Two-wire system: SCL clock line and SDA data line Multi-master and multi-slave: Supports multiple master and slave devices, but only one master is allowed at any given time. Addressing: Each slave device has a unique address Speed: … Read more
Introduction to the SPI Protocol SPI is the Serial Peripheral Interface. It is a synchronous serial interface technology introduced by Motorola, characterized by high speed and full-duplex synchronous communication, capable of operating at frequencies exceeding hundreds of MHz. Typically, SPI requires four lines (for duplex communication), but it can also operate with three lines (for … Read more
Hello everyone, welcome to <span>LiXin Embedded</span>. In the world of embedded development, SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is undoubtedly a well-known name. It acts like an efficient “courier,” quickly transferring data between microcontrollers, sensors, ADCs, DACs, and other devices. With its high speed, simplicity, and ease of implementation, SPI has become a favorite in countless embedded … Read more