1. Prologue: An Expansion Without Gunpowder On September 9, 2025, 520 million devices worldwide simultaneously received a 187-byte patch, silently completing a post-quantum key exchange. No one knew that this line of code had been “evolved” by AI in a grid maze just 0.3 seconds earlier; even fewer knew that at the same moment, the … Read more
The pioneer in the field of fully homomorphic encryption is Gentry, whose groundbreaking work paved the way for three main research phases in fully homomorphic encryption. This article will categorize classic papers on fully homomorphic encryption according to their research phases and provide relevant reading suggestions. For previous works on fully homomorphic encryption, please refer … Read more
In modern high-frequency microwave circuit design, accurately predicting the radiation loss of printed circuit boards (PCBs) has become a critical challenge. As operating frequencies continue to rise, the radiation effects of signals on PCBs become increasingly significant, leading to energy loss, decreased signal integrity, and potential electromagnetic interference issues. This article will delve into the … Read more
Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a special encryption mode in cryptography that satisfies the property of homomorphic operations on ciphertexts. This means that after data is homomorphically encrypted, specific calculations can be performed on the ciphertext, and the result of these calculations, when subjected to corresponding homomorphic decryption, will be equivalent to performing the same calculations … Read more
Introduction: This article is the course notes from the afternoon session of the Fully Homomorphic Encryption summer class. The afternoon course was taught by Professor Xie Xiang, titled “Theory and Construction of Fully Homomorphic Encryption.” Professor Xie is a researcher at Shanghai Qi-Zhi Institute, primarily engaged in the research and implementation of efficient and secure … Read more