[Image] With the rapid rise of AI technology, the demand for data bus throughput in servers and computing devices has shown exponential growth. Taking the PCIe standard as an example, to meet the computational power requirements of AI, its protocol has been upgraded to PCIe 5.0/6.0, with signal frequencies breaking through 32GT/s and approaching 64GT/s. … Read more
Introduction to ARINC429 Bus >>>> Overview The ARINC429 bus protocol was established by the Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC) and is a specification for civil aircraft onboard data bus. The full name of ARINC429 is “Digital Information Transfer System”. The ARINC429 bus is a serial standard designed for unidirectional broadcast transmission. Only one transmitter is allowed … Read more
This series will explain the book “Assembly Language”. This section covers Chapter 1 – Basic Hardware Knowledge. Overview of This Section 1. Machine Language and Assembly Language 2. Components of Assembly Language 3. Instructions and Data 4. Memory Units 5. CPU Read/Write Operations on Memory (Three Lines) 6. Transmission of Address, Data, and Control Information … Read more
Learning notes for the software examination, all experts are welcome to provide corrections.<span>June 21, 2025</span> 1 Introduction A bus refers to a common data channel for transmitting information between devices in a computer. The classification of buses is as follows: Internal Bus: The bus that connects the arithmetic unit, controller, and various register components within … Read more
1. IntroductionLet’s take a look at a diagramFriends who have read the previous blog post “The Execution Process of CPU Instructions” should have noticed that there is an indispensable component in the execution process of instructions in a computer, which is the bus. The diagram above shows multiple buses, and today we will introduce in … Read more
In previous articles, we have completed discussions related to module testing. Starting from this section, we will introduce tests related to PACK, beginning with some knowledge about communication to lay the groundwork for subsequent chapters. In communication, we often encounter the term bus, such as address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. The English term … Read more
Source: Electric Control Knowledge Transporter 5. MOST Bus MOST is a data bus technology specifically developed for in-vehicle use, serving multimedia applications. MOST stands for “Media Oriented Systems Transport”. Since BMW’s 7 Series first adopted MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) technology, the popularity of this technology has increased rapidly in recent years, enabling real-time transmission … Read more
Microcontroller Instruction Execution Let’s consider a question: when we write an instruction into the microcontroller using a programmer, and then take the microcontroller out, it can execute that instruction. So this instruction must be stored somewhere in the microcontroller, and this place can retain the instruction even after the microcontroller loses power. What is this … Read more
1. Overview of Buses The computer system is centered around the microprocessor, and all devices must connect to the microprocessor and work in coordination. Therefore, the concept of a bus is introduced in the microprocessor, where all devices share the bus, and at any given time, only one device can send data (multiple devices can … Read more
1. Machine Language Machine language is a collection of machine instructions, which are commands that a machine can correctly execute. The machine instructions of an electronic computer are a series of binary data, which the computer converts into a series of high and low voltages to drive its electronic components for computation. 2. Assembly Language … Read more