advanced algorithms

GESP C++ Level 3 Full Score Path (September 2025 Edition)

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GESP C++ Level 3 Full Score Path (September 2025 Edition)

Detailed Explanation of the GESP Examination Syllabus | C++ Level 3Grade Examination of Software ProgrammingC++ Certification Knowledge System (Level 3)1. Assessment Objectives Master the commonly used numeral systems, bitwise operations, and data encoding knowledge in computers. Understand the use of one-dimensional arrays, string types, and their functions. Grasp the principles and application techniques of enumeration … Read more

Basic Algorithms in Python Programming – Generating All Permutations

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Basic Algorithms in Python Programming - Generating All Permutations

Have you ever encountered a situation where you need to generate all permutations, such as generating all arrangements of cards in game design? Students with a certain foundation in algorithms should be very adept at using the “recursion + backtracking” approach to solve such problems. However, Python has already implemented this for us, with the … Read more

C++ Practice Problems – Fibonacci Sequence

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C++ Practice Problems - Fibonacci Sequence

Time Limit: 2s Memory Limit: 192MB Problem Description Fibonacci Sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89… This sequence is known as the “Fibonacci sequence”, where each number is a “Fibonacci number”. Input Format An integer N (N cannot be greater than 40) Output Format A Fibonacci sequence consisting of N … Read more

Exploring Pointer Arithmetic in C Language: Part 1

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Exploring Pointer Arithmetic in C Language: Part 1

What is the essence of the C language? More than 90% of C engineers would definitely say it is pointers. Pointers are something that C engineers both love and hate. They are often a nightmare for many junior engineers, with terms like dangling pointers, wild pointers, and memory leaks… each one can make you lose … Read more

How to Calculate Leap Years? Differences Between the Gregorian and Julian Calendars

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How to Calculate Leap Years? Differences Between the Gregorian and Julian Calendars

To design a small program that determines whether a given year is a leap year, we must first clarify the definition and calculation method of a leap year. First, a leap year has 366 days, while a common year has 365 days. Next, we need to determine the calculation method for leap years, which has … Read more

C++ Text Processing Software – Problem P5734 from Luogu

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C++ Text Processing Software - Problem P5734 from Luogu

Click the blue text Follow us P5734 Text Processing Software Problem Description You need to develop a text processing software. Initially, input a string as the starting document. You can consider the beginning of the document as the first character. The following operations need to be supported: 1 str: Append the string to the end … Read more

C++ Simulation Algorithm Practical Exercises 01

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C++ Simulation Algorithm Practical Exercises 01

All problems can be searched in the Luogu problem set! B3844 Draw a Square Problem Description Input a positive integer n, and output a square pattern with n rows and n columns (refer to the sample input and output). The pattern consists of uppercase letters. The first row starts with the uppercase letter A, the … Read more

C++ Practice Questions – Sorting Problem (1)

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C++ Practice Questions - Sorting Problem (1)

Time Limit: 2s Memory Limit: 192MB Submissions: 14674 Solved: 9055 Problem Description Sort four integers in ascending order. Input Format Four integers Output Format Output these four numbers in ascending order Sample Input 5 3 4 2 Sample Output 2 3 4 5 Code #include <iostream> #include <algorithm> // for sort function using namespace std; … Read more