Big Data and the Internet of Things are key knowledge points frequently tested in the software examination, and everyone needs to master them as they are relatively easy questions. Big Data concept: Big data is an important production factor, a collection of data characterized by large volume, diverse types, high speed, precise accuracy, and high value. Characteristics 4V: Volume, Variety, Value Density, Velocity. Structural Classification: Structured Data: Relational databases – two-dimensional tables; Semi-structured Data: HTML, JSON, XML; Unstructured Data: Text, images, graphics, and videos. Technologies: Hadoop Ecosystem: HDFS is a distributed file storage system; MapReduce computing model for parallel processing of large-scale datasets; YARN resource management. Big Data Processing Technologies: Collection, storage, computation, presentation, and interaction.