Syntax:
The syntax is
chmod [options] [MODE] filename
File Permissions
| # | File Permissions |
| 0 | No Permissions |
| 1 | Execute Permission Only |
| 2 | Write Permission Only |
| 3 | Execute and Write Permissions |
| 4 | Read Permission Only |
| 5 | Read and Execute Permissions |
| 6 | Read and Write Permissions |
| 7 | All Permissions |
Command Options:
| -c | Only show the names of files whose permissions have changed. |
| -f | Suppress most error messages. |
| -R | Recursively change permissions for files and subdirectories. |
| -v | Output version information and exit. |
Examples:
View your files, regardless of their permissions:
ls -alt
- Use this command to view your files regardless of their permissions.
- Grant read and write permissions to the group and other users.
chmod 066 file1.txt - Allow all users to have read, write, and execute permissions.
chmod 777 file1.txt
chgrp Command
The chgrp command is used to change the group ownership of a file or directory. This is an administrator command. Only administrator users can change the group ownership of files or directories.
Syntax:
The syntax is
chgrp [options] newgroup filename/directoryname
Command Options:
| -R | Change the permissions of files in the subdirectories of your current directory. |
| -c | Change the permissions for each file. |
| -f | Forceful. Does not report errors. |
Examples:
chgrp hiox test.txt
This ‘test.txt’ file group is the admin group, changed to the new group hiox.chgrp -R hiox test
This ‘test’ directory group is the root directory. Using the -R option, files and their subdirectories are changed to the new group hiox.chgrp -c hiox calc.txt
The above command is only used to change the group of the specified file (‘calc.txt’).