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Hello everyone!
Recently, I fell into a pit again.
Let me share the solution to get out of it.
Recently, I have been working with digital elevation maps and installed the GDAL Python package, and then I started encountering various issues.GDAL is used for processing raster data and is very powerful.However, I found that my Jupyter Notebook could not run GDAL.This was the first pit I encountered.To facilitate debugging, I had to install Visual Studio Code.To be honest, I still prefer using Jupyter Notebook as it is more convenient for writing code and documentation.Visual Studio Code has better compatibility, but when I have new code to debug, I always have to create a new .py file, which is a bit cumbersome. Debugging ten pieces of code requires creating ten .py files, and file management is not very convenient.After setting up the debugging platform, I encountered issues with running geopandas and cartopy. They work fine when run separately, but not when used together with GDAL.Although the responses from Wenxin Yiyan always suggest that geopandas, cartopy, and GDAL can be used together, I couldn’t find a suitable explanation or solution online.Perhaps not many people use these three together.Unfortunately, I happened to encounter this issue.After countless experiments, I reasonably suspect that there might be conflicts between geopandas and GDAL on my machine, and cartopy might also conflict with GDAL, making them unsuitable for use together.To address this issue, I had to take a roundabout approach. My goal is to create an elevation map using geographic elevation data, overlay a geojson format boundary map on the elevation map, and add marker points.My solution is:Step 1: First, use GDAL to output the geographic elevation raster data as an image format elevation map (it must be a full image; if it has borders, the image can be processed again to remove the borders. This is important for minimizing distortion in the next step of map overlay).Step 2: Create a new .py file, use geopandas to read the geojson format boundary file for plotting, and then use cartopy to mark points on the map.I found online that rasterio might be more suitable for the Python ecosystem than GDAL. So if anyone needs it, you can try rasterio.I haven’t tried rasterio yet, so I can’t comment on it.
Thank you to those who managed to read this article to the end. 
This concludes the sharing for this time. Everyone is welcome to criticize, correct, and exchange learning!
Wishing everyone smooth sailing!
Let’s chat next time!
J.M. Jian Mi Jun
August 22, 2025
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