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Teaching Outline
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English Name: Principles of Microcomputer and Applications
Course Code:
Course Category: Core Professional Course
Applicable Majors: Computer Science and Technology, Automation, Electronic Information Engineering, etc.
Course Hours: 64 (Theory 48, Experiment 16)
Credits: 3.5
Prerequisite Courses: Circuit and Electronic Technology, Verilog Digital Logic Circuit Design, Computer Organization Principles
Subsequent Courses: Microcontroller Principles and Applications, Embedded Systems
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Nature and Tasks of the Course
“Principles of Microcomputer and Applications” is an important compulsory foundational course for majors such as “Computer Science and Technology” in higher education institutions. This course enables students to understand the composition of microcomputer systems, the working principles of microcomputers, master various commonly used interface technologies and applications, and cultivate students’ initial abilities in the development of microcomputer application systems’ software and hardware, solving complex engineering application capabilities, providing support for students to learn subsequent courses and engage in future work with microcomputer technology and application capabilities.
The study of this course should enable students to master the structure and working principles of microcomputer systems, establish an overall concept of computer systems; cultivate students’ hardware thinking, improve their application capabilities of computer hardware systems and collaborative development capabilities of software and hardware; and cultivate students’ engineering literacy, and the ability to analyze and solve complex engineering problems. The course enables students to understand the current state of technological development in China, the contribution of information industry technology to economic and social development, while integrating ideological and political education in the classroom, focusing on chip design and software-hardware development, emphasizing self-controllability and innovation awareness, explaining that national competition relies on hard power, emphasizing technology for national salvation, stimulating students’ patriotism, and encouraging students to actively participate in innovation teams and practical projects to continuously improve their comprehensive practical capabilities.
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Course Objectives
Course Objective 1: Master the composition of microcomputer systems, the principles of microcomputer systems, and conventional interface technologies, capable of solving microcomputer interface technology and application problems.
Course Objective 2: Able to choose suitable interface chips and methods according to the specific needs of complex interfaces, design hardware circuits, and conduct feasibility studies on design plans.
Course Objective 3: For specific engineering application problems, capable of using software and hardware development tools and languages to construct software and hardware systems, perform system debugging, and analyze and explain results.
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Basic Requirements, Key Points, and Difficulties of Course Teaching Content
Chapter 1: Basics of Microcomputers
Teaching Requirements: Understand the typical products and main characteristics of various generations of microprocessors; be able to describe the working process of microcomputers; master the composition and classification of microcomputers, commonly used coding and their operations, and performance indicators of microcomputers.
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Development of microprocessors and microcomputers.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Composition of microcomputer systems.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Performance indicators of microcomputer systems.
(4) Knowledge Point 4: Common number systems and encodings in microcomputers.
Key Difficulties: Composition of microcomputer systems (key).
Chapter 2: 16-bit and 32-bit Microprocessors
Teaching Requirements: Understand the basic functions of the CPU, the functions of the external pins of the CPU; be able to analyze the internal logic structure of the CPU, typical operations, and timing; be able to analyze the main registers and memory structure used by the CPU, master the connection of the CPU with peripheral chips and system configuration.
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Internal structure and register structure of the 8086/8088 CPU.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Pin signals and functions of the 8086/8088 CPU.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Working modes and typical timing of the 8086/8088 system.
(4) Knowledge Point 4: Memory organization of the 8086/8088.
(5) Knowledge Point 5: 32-bit microprocessors.
Key Difficulties: Internal structure of the CPU, pin signals, working modes (key), timing, memory organization, 32-bit microprocessors (difficulties).
Chapter 3: 16-bit/32-bit Microprocessor Instruction System
Teaching Requirements: Understand the basic format of instructions, basic concepts of addressing modes. Be able to use data transfer, arithmetic, logic operations, and control transfer instructions for simple programming. Understand the format of assembly language source programs, the functions and usage of pseudo-instructions, and master the basic methods of sequential programs, branching programs, loop programs, and subroutine design.
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Basic format of instructions.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Addressing modes of the 8086/8088.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Instruction system of the 8086/8088.
(4) Knowledge Point 4: Addressing modes and instruction systems of the 80386.
(5) Knowledge Point 5: Instructions newly added by Pentium.
Key Difficulties: Instruction format, addressing modes (key), instruction systems (difficulties).
Chapter 4: Assembly Language Program Design
Teaching Requirements: Understand the format of assembly language source programs, the functions and usage of pseudo-instructions, and be able to master the basic methods of sequential programs, branching programs, loop programs, and subroutine design.
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Overview of assembly language.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Format of assembly language source programs.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Overview of assembly language program design.
(4) Knowledge Point 4: System function calls.
Key Difficulties: Function of pseudo-instructions (key), assembly language program design such as branching programs, loop programs, and subroutine design (difficulties).
Experiment Projects: (1) Assembly language program debugging experiment; (2) Branching and loop program design experiment.
Chapter 5: Memory
Teaching Requirements: Understand the basic concepts and classifications of memory, be able to analyze the generation of chip select signals, master the hardware connection between the CPU and main memory, and the basic operations of the CPU on main memory.
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Overview of memory.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Structure and usage of semiconductor memory chips.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Memory interfaces of 16-bit/32-bit systems.
(3) Knowledge Point 4: Expansion of memory capacity.
Key Difficulties: Classification of memory, expansion of memory capacity (key), expansion of memory capacity (difficulties).
Experiment Projects: Memory read and write experiment.
Chapter 6: Input/Output and Interrupts
Teaching Requirements: Understand the concept and function of I/O interfaces, the addressing method of I/O ports, data transfer methods between the CPU and peripherals, basic concepts of interrupts, and the priority of interrupts. Master the control methods and applications of data transfer between the host and peripherals, the working principle of the 8259A, and its programming applications.
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Overview of input/output interfaces.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Data transfer methods between the CPU and peripherals.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Interrupt technology.
(4) Knowledge Point 4: Interrupt controller 8259A.
Key Difficulties: Information between the CPU and input/output interfaces, data transfer methods between the CPU and peripherals (key), interrupts (difficulties).
Experiment Projects: Interrupt experiment.
Chapter 7: Parallel Interfaces
Teaching Requirements: Understand the main characteristics of parallel communication, the internal structure, working modes, and applications of the 8255A. Be able to program and apply the 8255A. Understand the principles of keyboards and LED displays, and be able to program to achieve them.
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Types and applications of simple parallel interfaces.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Internal structure and pin characteristics of the programmable parallel interface 8255A.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Control word, working mode, programming, and application of 8255A.
(4) Knowledge Point 4: Keyboard interface.
(5) Knowledge Point 5: LED display interface.
(6) Knowledge Point 6: Static display and dynamic display.
Key Difficulties: Internal structure, working mode, programming, and application of the parallel interface 8255A (key), keyboard interface, static display and dynamic display (difficulties).
Experiment Projects: Programmable parallel interface experiment.
Chapter 8: Serial Interfaces
Teaching Requirements: Understand the main characteristics of serial communication, the basic structure of serial interface circuits, and concepts related to asynchronous communication. Be able to program and apply the 8251.
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Concepts, transmission methods, and types of serial communication.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Serial interface 8251A.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Applications of 8251A.
Key Difficulties: Serial interface 8251A (key), applications of 8251A (difficulties).
Chapter 9: Counters/Timers
Teaching Requirements: Understand the basic structure and characteristics of the programmable timer 8253. Be able to program and control the working modes and applications of timers/counters (8253).
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Overview of 8253.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Working modes of 8253.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Control word and programming methods of 8253.
(4) Knowledge Point 4: Applications of 8253.
Key Difficulties: Control working modes and programming applications of 8253 (key).
Experiment Projects: Counter/timer experiment.
Chapter 10: Digital to Analog and Analog to Digital Conversion
Teaching Requirements: Understand the principles of D/A and A/D conversion, and the characteristics of DAC0832 and ADC0809. Master the programming applications of DAC0832 and ADC0809.
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Principles and technical parameters of D/A conversion.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Programming applications of DAC0832.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Principles and technical parameters of A/D conversion.
(4) Knowledge Point 4: Internal structure of ADC0809.
(5) Knowledge Point 5: Programming applications of ADC0809.
Key Difficulties: Programming applications of DAC0832 and ADC0809 (key).
Experiment Projects: Data acquisition experiment.
Chapter 11: Bus Technology
Teaching Requirements: Understand the basic concept of the bus, basic types of buses, and be able to describe common bus standards.
Teaching Content:
(1) Knowledge Point 1: Bus specifications.
(2) Knowledge Point 2: Basic concepts and classifications of buses.
(3) Knowledge Point 3: Common standard buses.
Key Difficulties: Basic concepts and classifications of buses (key).
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Teaching Methods
1. Lecture Method: Through the lecture of the basic concepts and principles of this course, help students understand and master the working modes of the CPU, classifications of memory, input/output interfaces, interrupts, parallel communication, serial communication, timers/counters, A/D conversion and D/A conversion, buses and other related knowledge.
2. Demonstration Method: Through classroom demonstrations of the “LED Display Interface” case, let students understand the differences between static and dynamic displays, allowing students to gain a deeper understanding of related concepts.
3. Case Teaching Method: Using 8253 and 8255A to control speakers as a case, analyze the working principles and specific control functions of timers/counters.
4. Discussion Method: Organize students to discuss topics such as “Why should memory in the 8086 system be segmented?”, “Usage scenarios of line selection method, partial decoding method, and full decoding method”, “Causes of key bounce and methods to eliminate key bounce”.
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Course Hour Distribution
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Course Assessment and Grading
This course adopts a closed-book examination method, with the overall score composed of usual performance, experimental performance, mid-term performance, and final exam scores, where usual performance accounts for 30% of the total score, experimental performance accounts for 15%, and final exam performance accounts for 55%. During the teaching process, strengthen process evaluation, and the form and content of each evaluation should revolve around the graduation requirements supported by the course. The details of the grading criteria are shown in the table below.
Total Course Score = Usual Performance (30%) + Experiment (15%) + Final Exam (55%)
Usual Performance = Classroom Performance (40%) + Usual Assignments (40%) + Major Assignments (20%)
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Course Teaching Resources
Selected Textbooks:
[1] “Principles of Microcomputer and Applications (3rd Edition)”, Li Yun et al., Tsinghua University Press, 2023.
[2] “Guidance for Learning and Practice of Microcomputer Principles (3rd Edition)”, Ge Guiping et al., Tsinghua University Press, 2023.
Learning Websites:
China University MOOC “Principles of Microcomputer and Applications”, Yangzhou University, taught by: Li Yun et al.
Website: https://www.icourse163.org/course/YZU-1449912188?tid=1470969547
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Notes
Explanation of relevant practical teaching content: This course includes 16 class hours of in-class experiments, and the experimental practical teaching link can deepen the understanding and application of abstract concepts and theoretical knowledge of the course, and experiments can play a very good supporting role for the theory course of microcomputer principles and applications. “Instructions for In-Class Experiments of the Microcomputer Principles and Applications Course (See Attachment 1).
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Attachment 1
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Instructions for In-Class Experiments of the Microcomputer Principles and Applications Course
1. Experiment (In-Class) Project Content and Hour Distribution
2. Experiment Methods, Characteristics, Basic Requirements, and Precautions
The experimental practical teaching link is a further consolidation of course knowledge and enhancement of the ability to solve practical problems. This course is highly practical, and the experimental link is very important. Through experiments, further mastery of the working principles of microcomputer systems, the structure, principles, and programming of conventional interface chips, and the development of software and hardware capabilities for systems and interfaces are cultivated. In the 16 class hours of experiments, students need to complete corresponding experimental topics, analyze, program, and debug the topics through independent thinking and teacher guidance, and write experimental reports as required.
3. Report Requirements
Students must submit an electronic version of the experimental report, which should be complete in content, correct in results, and include screenshots of the operation as evidence.
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Teaching Schedule
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Reference Books
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“Principles of Microcomputer and Applications (3rd Edition, Micro Course Video Version)”
ISBN: 9787302637264
Authors: Li Yun, Cao Yongzhong, Yu Haidong, Ge Guiping, Li Bin, Gao Longqin, Qiang Jipeng, Jiang Chao
Price: 59.80 Yuan
The first batch of national-level first-class undergraduate courses “Principles of Microcomputer and Applications” supporting textbooks, carefully polished over fourteen years and three editions.
Successively rated as a national-level planning textbook for ordinary higher education during the “11th Five-Year Plan” and a key textbook for Jiangsu Province higher education during the “12th Five-Year Plan”.
The textbook is scientifically accurate in positioning, appropriately deep and shallow in content, and concise in narrative, providing rich examples, exercises, and practical guidance.
Rich resources such as supporting teaching courseware, micro-course videos, and teaching outlines are provided, along with the book “Guidance for Learning and Practice of Microcomputer Principles”.
Content Introduction
This book, based on the most representative Intel 8086, mainly discusses the principles and applications of 16-bit microcomputers, while also considering 32-bit microprocessors. The book first introduces the basic knowledge and computational basis of microcomputers, then details the internal structure, working principles, addressing modes, instruction systems, and assembly language program design of the 8086 microprocessor, and finally delves into memory, input/output interface technology, principles and applications of typical programmable interface chips, etc. At the same time, MOOC short videos of the main chapters of the course are introduced, enriching learning resources and expanding learning space; courseware that accompanies this book is also provided to facilitate course teaching. This book is also accompanied by the publication of “Guidance for Learning and Practice of Microcomputer Principles (3rd Edition)”, which has designed a large number of experimental projects according to the idea of layering individual experimental projects.
This book can serve as a textbook for the “Principles of Microcomputer and Applications” course for electrical information and mechatronics majors in higher education institutions, and can also be used as a reference book for various students and a wide range of scientific and technological workers to learn about microcomputer-related knowledge and application technologies.
Directory
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Chapter 1: Basics of Microcomputers
1.1 Development of Microcomputers
1.1.1 Development of Microprocessors and Microcomputers
1.1.2 Classification and Applications of Microcomputers
1.2 Composition of Microcomputer Systems
1.2.1 Microcomputer Hardware
1.2.2 Microcomputer Software
1.2.3 Working Process of Microcomputers
1.3 Performance Indicators of Microcomputer Systems
1.4 Common Number Systems and Encodings
1.4.1 Common Number Systems and Conversions
1.4.2 Representation and Operations of Numbers
1.4.3 Common Encodings
Chapter 2: 16-bit and 32-bit Microprocessors
2.1 Internal Structure and Register Structure of 8086/8088 CPU
2.1.1 Internal Structure of 8086/8088 CPU
2.1.2 Register Structure of 8086/8088 CPU
2.2 Pin Signals and Functions of 8086/8088 CPU
2.2.1 Function Definitions of Pins in Minimum Mode of 8086
2.2.2 Function Definitions of Pins in Maximum Mode of 8086
2.2.3 Pin Characteristics of 8088
2.3 Working Modes and Typical Timing of 8086/8088 Systems
2.3.1 Working Modes of 8086/8088 Systems
2.3.2 Instruction Cycle and Bus Cycle
2.3.3 Typical Timing of 8086/8088 Systems
2.4 Memory Organization of 8086/8088
2.4.1 Little Endian Storage and Big Endian Storage
2.4.2 Memory Organization of 8086
2.4.3 Memory Organization of 8088
2.5 32-bit Microprocessors
2.5.1 32-bit Microprocessor 80386
2.5.2 32-bit Microprocessor Pentium
2.5.3 Multi-core Processors
Chapter 3: 16-bit/32-bit Microprocessor Instruction System
3.1 Basic Format of Instructions
3.1.1 Composition of Instructions
3.1.2 Instruction Format of 8086/8088
3.2 Addressing Modes of 8086/8088
3.3 Instruction System of 8086/8088
3.3.1 Data Transfer Instructions
3.3.2 Arithmetic Operations Instructions
3.3.3 Logic Operations and Shift Instructions
3.3.4 String Operation Instructions
3.3.5 Control Transfer Instructions
3.3.6 Processor Control Instructions
3.4 Addressing Modes and Instruction System of 80386
3.4.1 Addressing Modes of 80386
3.4.2 Instruction System of 80386
3.5 Newly Added Instructions of Pentium
Chapter 4: Assembly Language Program Design
4.1 Overview of Assembly Language
4.2 Format of Assembly Language Source Programs
4.2.1 Statement Format of Assembly Language
4.2.2 Pseudo Instructions
4.2.3 Structure of Assembly Language Source Programs
4.3 Overview of Assembly Language Program Design
4.3.1 Basic Steps of Program Design
4.3.2 Sequential Structure
4.3.3 Branching Structure
4.3.4 Loop Structure
4.3.5 Subroutine Structure
4.4 System Function Calls
4.4.1 Methods of System Function Calls
4.4.2 DOS Function Calls
4.4.3 BIOS Function Calls
Chapter 5: Memory
5.1 Overview of Memory
5.1.1 Classification of Semiconductor Memory
5.1.2 Main Performance Indicators of Semiconductor Memory
5.1.3 Typical Semiconductor Memory Chips
5.1.4 Hierarchical Structure of Memory
5.2 Structure and Usage of Semiconductor Memory Chips
5.2.1 Basic Structure of Semiconductor Memory
5.2.2 Usage of Semiconductor Memory Chips
5.3 Memory Interfaces of 16-bit/32-bit Systems
5.4 Expansion of Memory Capacity
5.4.1 Bit Expansion
5.4.2 Word Expansion
5.4.3 Byte Expansion
5.4.4 Examples of Connection of Memory Chips with 8086 CPU
Chapter 6: Input/Output and Interrupts
6.1 Overview of Input/Output Interfaces
6.1.1 Functions of Input/Output Interfaces
6.1.2 Information between CPU and Input/Output Interfaces
6.1.3 Addressing Methods of Input/Output Ports
6.2 Data Transfer Methods between CPU and Peripherals
6.2.1 Unconditional Transfer Methods
6.2.2 Polling Transfer Methods
6.2.3 Interrupt Transfer Methods
6.2.4 DMA Methods
6.3 Interrupt Technology
6.3.1 Overview of Interrupts
6.3.2 Processing of Interrupts
6.3.3 Interrupts of 8086/8088
6.3.4 Design of Interrupt Service Programs
6.4 Interrupt Controller 8259A
6.4.1 Internal Structure and Pins of 8259A
6.4.2 Working Modes of 8259A
6.4.3 Programming of 8259A
6.4.4 Application Examples of 8259A
Chapter 7: Parallel Interfaces
7.1 Overview of Simple Parallel Interfaces
7.1.1 Types of Simple Parallel Interfaces
7.1.2 Applications of Simple Parallel Interfaces
7.2 Programmable Parallel Interface 8255A
7.2.1 Internal Structure and Pin Characteristics of 8255A
7.2.2 Control Word of 8255A
7.2.3 Working Modes of 8255A
7.2.4 Programming and Applications of 8255A
7.3 Keyboard Interface
7.3.1 Working Principles of Keyboards
7.3.2 Key Recognition
7.4 LED Display Interface
7.4.1 Working Principles of LED Displays
7.4.2 Static and Dynamic Displays
7.5 LCD Interface
7.5.1 Classifications of LCDs
7.5.2 AMPIRE12864 LCD Interface and Programming
Chapter 8: Serial Interfaces
8.1 Overview of Serial Interfaces
8.1.1 Basic Concepts of Serial Communication
8.1.2 Serial Data Transmission Methods
8.1.3 Types of Serial Communication
8.1.4 Serial Interfaces and Serial Interface Standards
8.2 Programmable Serial Interface 8251A
8.2.1 Basic Working Principles of 8251A
8.2.2 Pins and External Connections of 8251A
8.2.3 Programming of 8251A
8.3 Applications of 8251A
Chapter 9: Counters/Timers
9.1 Overview of Counters/Timers
9.2 Programmable Counter/Timer 8253
9.2.1 Internal Structure and Pin Characteristics of 8253
9.2.2 Control Word of 8253
9.2.3 Working Modes of 8253
9.2.4 Programming of 8253
9.3 Applications of 8253
Chapter 10: Digital to Analog and Analog to Digital Conversion
10.1 Overview of Digital to Analog and Analog to Digital Conversion
10.2 D/A Converters
10.2.1 Principles of D/A Conversion
10.2.2 Main Technical Parameters of D/A Converters
10.2.3 DAC0832 and Interface Circuit
10.2.4 DAC1210 and Interface Circuit
10.3 A/D Converters
10.3.1 Principles of A/D Conversion
10.3.2 Main Technical Parameters of A/D Converters
10.3.3 8-bit A/D Converter Chip ADC0809 and Interface Circuit
10.3.4 12-bit A/D Converter Chip AD574A and Interface Circuit
Chapter 11: Bus Technology
11.1 Overview of Buses
11.1.1 Bus Specifications
11.1.2 Classification and Indicators of Buses
11.1.3 Transmission Methods of Buses
11.2 System Buses
11.2.1 ISA Bus
11.2.2 PCI Bus
11.2.3 AGP Bus
11.2.4 PCI-E Bus
11.2.5 Bus Chipsets
11.3 Communication Buses
11.3.1 USB Bus
11.3.2 IEEE 1394 Bus
11.3.3 CAN Bus
11.3.4 Other Buses
Appendix A ASCII Code Table
Appendix B DOS Function Call Table
Appendix C Brief List of BIOS Interrupts
References
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