Exercises on Embedded System Architecture Design Theory and Practice

Exercises on Embedded System Architecture Design Theory and Practice

Overview of Embedded Systems

  1. The main characteristics of the microcontroller (MCU) stage in the development of embedded systems are (1).A. The system structure and function are simple, with low processing efficiencyB. Embedded systems can run on various types of microprocessorsC. Hardware uses embedded microprocessors, resulting in low system overhead and high efficiencyD. Embedded processors integrate network interfacesAnswer: CExplanation: The main characteristic of the microcontroller (MCU) stage is that hardware uses embedded microprocessors, resulting in low system overhead and high efficiency.

  2. The main considerations for selecting embedded microprocessors include (2).A. The brand of the processorB. The operating temperature of the processorC. The color of the processorD. The shape of the processorAnswer: BExplanation: The main considerations for selecting embedded microprocessors include the operating temperature of the processor.

  3. The main characteristics of system-on-chip (SoC) design are (3).A. Provides large capacity storageB. Integrates multiple processor cores and peripheralsC. Easy to maintainD. High costAnswer: BExplanation: The main characteristic of system-on-chip (SoC) design is the integration of multiple processor cores and peripherals.

  4. The correct description of memory is (4).A. Data in RAM is not lost after power offB. Data in ROM can be modified at any timeC. DRAM needs to be refreshed periodicallyD. SRAM is cheaper than DRAMAnswer: CExplanation: DRAM needs to be refreshed periodically.

  5. In embedded systems, the main function of the watchdog circuit is (5).A. To increase system processing speedB. To increase storage capacityC. To restart the system in case of a failureD. To provide a user interfaceAnswer: CExplanation: The main function of the watchdog circuit is to restart the system in case of a failure.

  6. The bus in embedded systems typically does not include (6).A. Data busB. Address busC. Power busD. Control busAnswer: CExplanation: The bus in embedded systems typically does not include the power bus.

  7. The correct description of embedded software architecture is (7).A. The software architecture in the early microcontroller era was divided into three layersB. Embedded software architecture does not need to consider hardware characteristicsC. Embedded operating systems implement unified management of computer resourcesD. Embedded software architecture is completely fixed and has not changedAnswer: CExplanation: Embedded operating systems implement unified management of computer resources.

  8. Which of the following is a typical embedded software architecture (8).A. Single-layer architectureB. Mesh architectureC. Hierarchical pattern architectureD. Circular architectureAnswer: CExplanation: Hierarchical pattern architecture is a typical embedded software architecture.

  9. The main characteristics of the GOA architecture do not include (9).A. PortabilityB. InteroperabilityC. CustomizabilityD. High costAnswer: DExplanation: The main characteristics of the GOA architecture do not include high cost.

  10. The goals of embedded system architecture design should consider (10).A. The color of the systemB. The weight of the systemC. The reliability and safety of the systemD. The brand of the systemAnswer: CExplanation: The goals of embedded system architecture design should consider the reliability and safety of the system.

Principles and Characteristics of Embedded System Software Architecture

  1. The correct description of the recursive pattern architecture is (1).A. The recursive pattern cannot solve the problem of system decompositionB. The recursive pattern is only suitable for small systemsC. The recursive pattern maps complex systems into design architecture through a stepwise refinement methodD. The recursive pattern does not support system expansionAnswer: CExplanation: The recursive pattern maps complex systems into design architecture through a stepwise refinement method, verifying system reliability and real-time performance at each refinement step.

  2. Compared to general-purpose operating systems, embedded operating systems do not possess which of the following characteristics? (2)A. CustomizabilityB. PortabilityC. High resource consumptionD. Strong real-time performanceAnswer: CExplanation: Embedded operating systems possess characteristics such as customizability, portability, and strong real-time performance, but do not have high resource consumption, which typically requires them to be compact and refined.

  3. The incorrect description of the classification of embedded operating systems is (3).A. Embedded operating systems are divided into real-time operating systems for control, communication, etc.B. Embedded operating systems are divided into non-real-time operating systems for consumer electronicsC. Embedded operating systems do not need to support real-time performanceD. Embedded operating systems include VxWorks, Android, etc.Answer: CExplanation: Embedded operating systems need to support real-time performance, especially real-time operating systems for control and communication fields.

  4. In the overall structure of embedded operating systems, the main function of the Board Support Package (BSP) is (4).A. To manage the hardware resources of the processorB. To manage memory allocation and recoveryC. To drive peripheral chips of the processorD. To provide a graphical user interfaceAnswer: CExplanation: The main function of the Board Support Package (BSP) is to drive peripheral chips of the processor.

  5. The correct description of task management in embedded operating systems is (5).A. Task management refers to managing all files within the operating systemB. Task management refers to managing various resources of the system, including memory, CPU, etc.C. Task management is the smallest unit of scheduling in embedded operating systems, similar to processes or threadsD. Task management does not involve resource allocationAnswer: CExplanation: Task management is the smallest unit of scheduling in embedded operating systems, similar to processes or threads.

  6. Which scheduling algorithm determines priority based on task deadlines? (6)A. Earliest Deadline First (EDF) algorithmB. Lowest Laxity First (LLF) algorithmC. Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS) algorithmD. Time Slice Round Robin scheduling algorithmAnswer: AExplanation: The Earliest Deadline First (EDF) algorithm determines priority based on task deadlines.

  7. Which storage management method divides user programs into multiple logical segments and pages within each segment? (7)A. Partition storageB. Paging storageC. Segmented storageD. Segment-page storageAnswer: DExplanation: Segment-page storage divides user programs into multiple logical segments and pages within each segment.

  8. The main advantage of shared memory communication in embedded operating systems is (8).A. Slow data transfer speedB. Complex implementationC. Direct and efficient access to shared data structuresD. Usable only within the same CPUAnswer: CExplanation: The main advantage of shared memory communication is direct and efficient access to shared data structures.

  9. Currently widely used embedded operating systems do not include which of the following? (9)A. VxWorksB. AndroidC. iOSD. Windows XPAnswer: DExplanation: Windows XP is a general-purpose operating system, not an embedded operating system.

  10. In embedded databases, which of the following features is its main advantage? (10)A. High scalabilityB. High portabilityC. Multi-user supportD. Complex stored procedure supportAnswer: BExplanation: The high portability of embedded databases makes them easy to integrate into various applications, regardless of platform or operating system.

  11. Which of the following (11) database systems does not belong to embedded databases?A. SQLiteB. MySQLC. Berkeley DBD. Microsoft SQL ServerAnswer: DExplanation: Microsoft SQL Server is a client/server database system, not suitable for embedded scenarios. SQLite, MySQL, and Berkeley DB can be used as embedded databases.

  12. The main advantage of in-memory database systems compared to traditional disk storage is (12).A. Lower data securityB. Higher read and write speedC. Larger data storage capacityD. More operating system supportAnswer: BExplanation: In-memory database systems store data in memory, resulting in higher read and write speeds.

  13. The main application scenario of SQLite is (13).A. Large enterprise-level databasesB. Mobile devices and embedded devicesC. Cloud computing platformsD. Data warehousesAnswer: BExplanation: SQLite, as a lightweight embedded database, is suitable for mobile devices and embedded systems due to its low resource consumption and ease of integration.

  14. A typical feature of embedded database systems is (14).A. Support for multi-user concurrent accessB. High customizability and cutabilityC. Support for complex stored procedures and triggersD. Advanced transaction management featuresAnswer: BExplanation: Embedded database systems are typically customized for specific application scenarios, featuring high customizability and cutability.

  15. The main function of embedded middleware is (15).A. To manage the security of the operating systemB. To provide hardware resource sharingC. To shield the heterogeneity of the underlying operating systemD. To support distributed computing for multiple usersAnswer: CExplanation: Embedded middleware provides a unified interface that shields the heterogeneity of the underlying operating system, facilitating application development and deployment.

  16. CORBA is a (16) for embedded systems.A. Real-time database systemB. Communication protocolC. Distributed object middlewareD. Transaction processing monitorAnswer: CExplanation: CORBA is a distributed object middleware that provides standardized solutions for object communication and interoperability in embedded systems.

  17. The main characteristics of DDS include (17).A. Support for various underlying physical communication protocols and strong real-time performanceB. Only supports publish/subscribe mode and large enterprise applicationsC. Completely relies on CORBA’s technical specificationsD. Can only be used in networked and streaming media applicationsAnswer: AExplanation: DDS is a lightweight real-time information transport middleware that supports various underlying physical communication protocols and strong real-time performance, suitable for distributed real-time communication.

Embedded System Software Architecture Design Methods

  1. The Architecture-Based Software Design (ABSD) method emphasizes (1).A. Software architecture design driven by a combination of business, quality, and functional requirementsB. Software architecture design driven solely by functional requirementsC. Software architecture design driven by hardware requirementsD. Software architecture design driven by customer requirementsAnswer: AExplanation: The Architecture-Based Software Design (ABSD) method emphasizes software architecture design driven by a combination of business, quality, and functional requirements, following a top-down, recursive refinement approach.

  2. In the Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) method, the quality scenario does not include the following (2) part.A. Stimulus sourceB. EnvironmentC. Response metricsD. Quality assessmentAnswer: DExplanation: In the Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) method, the quality scenario includes stimulus source, stimulus, environment, artifact, response, and response metrics, but does not include quality assessment.

  3. The following (3) is not an example of quality attributes in the Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) method.A. ReliabilityB. SecurityC. ScalabilityD. FunctionalityAnswer: DExplanation: Quality attributes in the ADD method include reliability, security, usability, modifiability, etc., while functionality is a functional attribute rather than a quality attribute.

  4. The following (4) is not a characteristic of the Architecture-Based Software Design (ABSD) method.A. Top-down, recursive refinementB. Driven by business, quality, and functional requirementsC. Emphasizes the use of software architecture templates during the design processD. Driven by hardware requirementsAnswer: DExplanation: Characteristics of the ABSD method include top-down, recursive refinement, driven by business, quality, and functional requirements, and emphasizing the use of software architecture templates, rather than being driven by hardware requirements.

Leave a Comment