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1、Classification of Microcomputers
Microcomputers can be classified based on their performance, structure, and technical characteristics as follows:
(1) Microcontroller: A microcontroller is formed by integrating a microprocessor (CPU), a certain capacity of memory, and I/O interface circuits onto a single chip.
(2) Single-board Computer: A single-board computer is created by installing a microprocessor, memory, and I/O interface circuits on a single printed circuit board.
(3) PC (Personal Computer): A microcomputer designed for individual use is generally referred to as a PC, which is currently the most widely used type of microcomputer.
(4) Portable Microcomputer: Portable microcomputers generally include laptops and personal digital assistants (PDAs).
2. Main Performance Indicators of Microcomputers
Clock Frequency: This refers to the number of pulses emitted by the computer’s CPU in a unit of time, which largely determines the computing speed of the computer. The unit of clock frequency is Hertz (Hz, MHz, GHz).
Word Length: This refers to the number of bits of binary data that the computer’s arithmetic unit can process simultaneously, which is closely related to the computer’s functions and applications. The longer the word length, the higher the efficiency of information processing, the greater the precision of stored values, and the more instructions the computer can recognize, leading to enhanced functionality.
Number of Cores:
The number of CPU cores refers to the quantity of arithmetic and control units executing instructions within the CPU. There are dual-core, quad-core, and hexa-core options.
Memory Capacity: This is the total number of bytes that can be stored in the memory. The larger the memory capacity, the faster the computer’s processing speed.
Computing Speed: This is the number of computer instructions executed in a unit of time.
The units are MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second) and BIPS (Billion Instructions Per Second).
Generally speaking, the higher the clock frequency, the faster the computing speed; the longer the word length, the faster the computing speed; the larger the memory capacity, the faster the computing speed; and the smaller the access cycle, the faster the computing speed.
Other performance indicators include machine compatibility, system reliability (Mean Time Between Failures – MTBF), and system maintainability (Mean Time To Repair – MTTR).
Previous Reviews
◆Core Computer Knowledge Points for Shandong’s 2022 Upgrade Examination (Part One)
◆Core Computer Knowledge Points for Shandong’s 2022 Upgrade Examination (Part Two)
◆Core Computer Knowledge Points for Shandong’s 2022 Upgrade Examination (Part Three)
◆Core Computer Knowledge Points for Shandong’s 2022 Upgrade Examination (Part Four)
◆Core Computer Knowledge Points for Shandong’s 2022 Upgrade Examination (Part Five)
◆Core Computer Knowledge Points for Shandong’s 2022 Upgrade Examination (Part Six)
◆Core Computer Knowledge Points for Shandong’s 2022 Upgrade Examination (Part Seven)
◆Core Computer Knowledge Points for Shandong’s 2022 Upgrade Examination (Part Eight)
The long road to upgrading, Hua Zhi accompanies you
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