Smart sensors are sensors with information processing capabilities. They are equipped with microprocessors and have the ability to collect, process, and exchange information, representing a combination of sensor integration and microprocessor technology. Compared to general sensors, smart sensors have the following three advantages: high-precision information collection through software technology, low cost; certain programming automation capabilities; and diversified functions.
A good ‘smart sensor’ is a sensor and instrument package driven by a microprocessor, and it has functions such as communication and onboard diagnostics.
Smart sensors can store various physical quantities they detect and process this data according to instructions to create new data. They can communicate with each other, autonomously decide which data to transmit, discard abnormal data, and complete analysis and statistical calculations.
Smart sensors are a computer detection system that expands peripheral components based on a microprocessor core. Compared to general sensors, smart sensors have the following significant characteristics:
1. Improved Sensor Accuracy
Smart sensors have information processing capabilities, allowing software to correct various deterministic system errors (such as non-linear output errors, fitting errors, zero-point errors, and back-and-forth stroke errors) and appropriately compensate for random errors, reducing noise and greatly improving sensor accuracy.
2. Enhanced Sensor Reliability
The miniaturization of integrated sensor systems eliminates certain unreliable factors of traditional structures, improving the entire system’s anti-interference capabilities; at the same time, it also has diagnostic, calibration, and data storage functions (for smart structural systems, it also has adaptive capabilities), providing good stability.
3. Improved Cost-Performance Ratio of Sensors
Under the same accuracy requirements, multifunctional smart sensors show a significant improvement in cost-performance ratio compared to single-function ordinary sensors, especially after using cheaper microcontrollers.
4. Promoting Multifunctionality of Sensors
Smart sensors can achieve comprehensive measurement with multiple sensors and parameters, expanding measurement and usage through programming; they have a certain adaptive capability to change the range and output data format according to the detection object or conditions; they have digital communication interface functions, allowing direct transmission to remote computers for processing; and they feature various data output formats (such as RS232 serial output, PIO parallel output, IEEE-488 bus output, and analog output after D/A conversion), making them compatible with various application systems.
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