Lead Isotope

Understanding Carbon-13 Isotope in Three Minutes

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Understanding Carbon-13 Isotope in Three Minutes

Carbon is the core element that constitutes life and organic matter. Its isotopic composition, especially the ratio of stable isotopes C¹² and C¹³, contains rich information about physical, chemical, and biological processes. Unlike radioactive isotopes C¹⁴, C¹³ poses no radiation hazard, allowing for safe use in in vivo studies and long-term experiments. Below is a … Read more

Solving the Challenge of Lead Isotope Mixing in Metal Artifacts

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Solving the Challenge of Lead Isotope Mixing in Metal Artifacts

The study of the provenance of metal materials is an important foundation for revealing the social structure, economic systems, and cultural exchanges of ancient societies. The large-scale, long-distance transportation and trade networks of complex societies often result in frequent mixing and remelting of metal materials during circulation. This process can destroy the original geochemical correspondence … Read more