I2C Bus (Inter-Integrated Circuit）is a two-wire serial bus developed by PHILIPS for connecting microcontrollers and their peripherals. It is a widely adopted bus standard in the field of microelectronics control. It is a special form of synchronous communication, characterized by fewer interfaces, simple control methods, fewer device packaging forms, and high communication rates. The I2C … Read more
UART, or Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, is one of the most commonly used communication protocols between devices. When configured correctly, UART can work with many different types of serial protocols that involve sending and receiving serial data. In serial communication, data is transmitted bit by bit over a single line or wire. In bidirectional communication, we … Read more
1. What is the basic working principle of the CAN bus? The CAN bus is a multi-master serial communication protocol primarily used in automotive and industrial control. It transmits data through differential signals (CAN_H and CAN_L) and has a high anti-interference capability. The CAN bus employs a non-destructive bit arbitration mechanism to ensure that high-priority … Read more
Click the Blue Text Follow Us Introduction to SPI SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is a synchronous serial communication protocol used for data transmission between devices over short distances. It is commonly used for communication between microcontrollers and external devices such as sensors, flash memory, displays, etc. SPI has the following main characteristics: Basic Principles SPI … Read more
1. What is the Validity of IIC Protocol Data? (1) Data Transmission Format Start and Stop Conditions: When the SCL line is high, a transition from high to low on the SDA line indicates a start condition; when SCL is high, a transition from low to high on the SDA line indicates a stop condition. … Read more
The above ☝️☝️☝️ is about a food-related public account, where each recipe has detailed steps and high-definition images, making it easy for kitchen novices to get started. Follow it to unlock more delicious recipes and fill your meals throughout the seasons with surprises! 1. What are the characteristics of SPI communication? SPI communication, or Serial … Read more
1. Protocol Reverse Engineering Record (Wireshark Capture Code) # Wireshark filter rule (key fields marked in red)tcp.port == 102 && cotp && s7comm /* Typical handshake message structure 0000 03 00 00 16 11 e0 [TSAP:0x0100] [TSAP:0x0101] 00 00 00 01 00 c0 01 0a |_________| |___| |_____________| |_____________| |_TPKT_| |_COTP_| |S7C| */ #pragma pack(1) … Read more
1. Communication Protocol Mismatch The communication between the PLC and the host computer requires the use of the same communication protocol. If the protocols do not match, the PLC will be unable to accept commands from the host. It is essential to ensure that the communication protocols are consistent and correctly configured. 2. Incorrect Communication … Read more
ClickFollow“PLC Wireless Communication” for daily amazing discoveries! Is RS-232 a standard communication interface or a protocol?? Is RS-232 a bus?? What is the relationship between fieldbus and networks?? Does each bus have a protocol?? What is the main function of the PLC communication module?? It’s all a mess, please advise, thank you. Whoever can explain … Read more
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is a communication protocol specifically designed for Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It uses LoRa modulation technology and operates in specific unlicensed frequency bands globally, according to the regulations of different countries and regions. Below are the main LoRaWAN frequency bands used in … Read more