Due to the similarities between embedded software and firmware, it is not surprising that confusion arises regarding the question of embedded software and firmware, especially regarding “Are embedded software and firmware the same?” and “Is firmware embedded software?”.
In previous content, we discussed the differences between firmware and hardware. In this article, we will discuss the differences and similarities between embedded software and firmware through examples to help everyone understand better.
What is Firmware
To distinguish between firmware and embedded software, we must first discuss them separately. Firmware is a type of “solid” software that is directly embedded into the device hardware, and its primary function is to help the hardware operate correctly. In other words, without firmware, no hardware can function.
Firmware can be seen as the connector between the device’s operating system (drivers) and the hardware, ensuring that both work properly. Firmware is typically small and compact because it is placed on non-volatile memory chips.
Therefore, it can be confusing why firmware is called firmware if it is a type of software. The reason is that once firmware is embedded, it cannot be changed or deleted, only replaced. It is placed on ROM (Read-Only Memory) chips. However, in some cases, firmware can be updated, which we will mention later.
Considering all the above characteristics, firmware can only operate in simple binary language (i.e., machine language), although it can be written in high-level languages. Firmware written in high-level languages is placed in flash memory chips and can be updated.
Examples of Firmware
What does it mean that devices cannot function without firmware? Firmware sends your “commands” to the hardware so that the device can execute those commands. For example, when you press a button in the smartphone app of a smart light to turn the device on or change the lighting, the defibrillator operates through firmware, just like some industrial machinery.
What is Embedded Software
In the eternal topic of firmware versus embedded software, we need to talk about embedded software. Embedded software is a broader term. When we say “embedded software,” we are referring to operating systems, middleware, applications, and even firmware.
In other words, embedded software is the code that controls the functionality of our devices. Like firmware, it is also embedded into the hardware but can also be embedded into some non-computing devices, such as GPS, factory robots, smartwatches, and some calculators.
Each device has its specific embedded software. Embedded software controls the processors and other embedded peripherals within the device. As independent software, it can communicate directly with the hardware and perform some automotive operations.
Another important point to understand is that since embedded software is specifically designed for each piece of hardware, its functionality depends on the memory storage and the central processor of the hardware. This also means that any change in hardware requires a change in the software code. Embedded software engineers use programming languages such as Java, JavaScript, C, C++, and Python.
By virtualizing hardware, including memory storage and central processors, engineers can also develop, test, and debug software. This has become part of the development process for some companies.
Examples of Embedded Software
Let’s look at some practical examples of embedded software. A thermostat measures temperature through specially designed embedded software. The settings in the thermostat are treated as commands for that software to operate.
Similarly, your coffee machine also has embedded software that can “remember” your favorite coffee. Additionally, smartwatches can track your important statistics through their embedded software. Any device with motion tracking capabilities has its embedded software.
Embedded Software vs. Firmware
When we talk about embedded software and firmware, it means that firmware and embedded software are both part of embedded systems. They work together with other “items” and components to help the embedded system operate.
Firmware is a part of embedded software. Firmware, along with middleware, operating systems, and applications, constitutes the whole of embedded software.
Given this, it is not surprising that there is so much confusion between embedded software and firmware. Unlike embedded software, firmware is not independent software. It is more like a layer of the operating system. Additionally, unlike firmware, embedded software includes terminal applications. Furthermore, there is only one embedded software in a hardware device, which is different from firmware.
Difference Between Firmware and Hardware
Hardware refers to the physical components of a device, such as circuit boards, processors, memory, and other electronic parts. Firmware, on the other hand, is the software embedded in the device hardware that controls how it operates. Firmware can also be used for custom software development.
The main difference between firmware and hardware is that hardware is the physical component of the device, while firmware is the program code executed by the device hardware.
Analysis of the Differences Between Firmware and Embedded Software
Firmware is software that is closely tied to specific hardware, providing low-level control over that specific hardware. Firmware is typically stored in the non-volatile memory of the hardware itself, such as in ROM or flash memory chips. Firmware is usually used to perform tasks such as booting the device, configuring hardware, or providing a basic interface for interaction with the device.
On the other hand, embedded software is a broader term that can refer to any software designed to run on embedded systems, which are small dedicated computing devices designed for specific tasks. This software can include firmware as well as high-level applications and other software components that run on operating systems or other software platforms.
Therefore, while firmware is a type of embedded software, not all embedded software is firmware. The main difference between the two is that firmware is specifically designed to provide low-level control of hardware, while embedded software can encompass a wider range of software components and functionalities.
However, advanced firmware does exist. This type of firmware requires the use of high-level programming languages such as C, C++, or Java, rather than low-level assembly language. Advanced firmware allows developers to write code faster, reduce errors, and is easier to maintain and update. Advanced firmware is typically used in embedded systems that require more complex functionalities and processing capabilities, such as consumer electronics, automotive, and medical devices.
Conclusion
I hope this article helps you understand the similarities and differences between firmware and embedded software, clarifying any confusion you may have had. Their main difference lies in their different purposes, but both contribute to the normal operation of devices. Firmware is not equivalent to embedded software; rather, it is a part of embedded software. Firmware is a relatively small software embedded in hardware that collaborates with other parts of embedded software.