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Hello everyone, this is Laihui Technology, I am Xiao Ma Ge
Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our lives, and the screens are what we interact with the most, whether on a phone or a computer, all operations are done on the screen.
The quality of the screen naturally varies, setting aside other configurations, the quality of a screen largely determines the user experience.
After all, our most intuitive experiences are presented on the screen every day.
Faced with a variety of displays on the market, how should ordinary users choose?
Today, Xiao Ma Ge will bring you today’s topic, a comprehensive introduction to screen terminology, to help those who are still confused.
Pixels and Resolution
I think everyone should understand the concept of screen size (diagonal length), 19.5:9 (aspect ratio), so let’s skip this part.
Before talking about resolution, I think it’s necessary to understand pixels. A pixel is the smallest display unit in a display system.
Note that pixels do not have a fixed size; they are determined by resolution and size.
Most pixels are square; why do I say most? Because we know that more and more rounded screens have appeared on the market.
Since they are round, the pixels that make up the rounded corners are of course irregular.
We often say that the resolution of a screen is a certain number; what does this mean? It refers to the number of pixels in the length and width of the screen.
As for rounded screens, the resolution refers to the rectangularized resolution, which also includes size.
Promotional materials usually use rectangular dimensions; for example, the rounded dimension of the Samsung S8 is 5.8 inches, while the rounded dimension is only 5.6 inches.
How do we express the clarity of a screen? Of course, we can’t just look at the resolution. The same resolution with different screen sizes naturally has different clarity.
To judge clarity, we need to introduce the concept of PPI. It’s very simple; PPI refers to the number of pixels per inch.
Assuming the screen size is 6.4 inches and the resolution is 2340×1080, the calculation formula based on the Pythagorean theorem is as follows:
PPI=（√2340²+1080²）/6.4≈403, which means there are 403 pixels per inch.
Don’t believe that once it exceeds 300 PPI, the human eye cannot distinguish higher clarity.
Indeed, the iPhone 4 introduced the concept of retina display at 326 PPI, a value that Apple still uses today.
However, with the development of the times, 2K (or 2K+) and 4K screens have quietly appeared.
If you, like me, have been accustomed to 2K for years, over time, you will not be able to accept the impact of 1080P+. You don’t need to look closely; you can see the jagged edges of the text.
The human eye can indeed be spoiled.
As for the concepts of dp, logical pixel density, logical resolution, etc., due to the complexity of Android phone resolution, I won’t elaborate here. Xiao Ma Ge provides a logical resolution table for iPhones.
Color Depth
After discussing resolution-related content, let’s talk about color depth. This concept refers to the level of saturation of colors.
Currently, most mobile phones use 8-bit, while 10-bit belongs to professional displays.
As we all know, the three primary colors, red, green, and blue, can combine to create all colors. The 8 bits mentioned above refer to the color depth of a single color channel.
It’s important to note that 8 is a binary unit, meaning each color channel actually has 2^8=256 different saturation colors.
So, red, green, and blue each have 256 shades.
Combining them can create 256^3=16,777,216 colors, which is usually referred to as 16 million true colors.
Sometimes we also add the bits of the three channels together; for example, we usually refer to 8 bits as 24 bits.
In daily life, we often encounter the concept of 32-bit images, but in reality, it still falls under the category of 24 bits, where the extra 8 bits belong to the alpha (transparency) channel and do not contain color information.
OLED vs. TFT, LCD
Now, let’s understand screen materials. The mainstream screen materials are currently divided into two types: TFT-LCD and OLED.
Why is it called TFT-LCD instead of just LCD? This is because these two are originally one thing, and separating them may lead to misunderstanding.
IPS
This term became popular due to the iPhone; in essence, it is still TFT or LCD.
IPS is a panel display technology with transparent, bright display effects, non-reflective, and can achieve a viewing angle of 178°.
You may have noticed that this term is no longer mentioned in the mobile phone industry.
In fact, this is because IPS has long been popularized, losing its promotional effect; if everyone has it, it naturally becomes unremarkable.
It’s like the once-popular Gorilla Glass, which everyone uses, so manufacturers tacitly understand it and are too lazy to emphasize it again, unless it’s a new product launch.
Super LCD
I only remember HTC using this term, and it is now an obsolete species.
The biggest difference between OLED screens and the former is that each pixel of OLED can emit light and does not require the LED backlight module in LCD.
Due to the self-emitting nature, OLED can display pure black and does not have issues like light leakage.
Additionally, OLED screens have characteristics such as being ultra-thin, power-saving, wide color gamut, wide viewing angle, fast response without ghosting, and being bendable.
OLED is a widely recognized and adopted technology, and in the current trend, mobile OLED screens have great potential to surpass LCD.
In summary: Large screen, high resolution, and OLED screens are standard for a true flagship. Although OLED does have low-frequency PWM dimming, compared to the harmful blue light from LCD, which can more easily harm the eyes. There is no medical evidence that OLED can cause blindness, and LCD is not as good as you think; eye protection still requires self-discipline.
What do you think makes a good screen? Feel free to leave a comment below.
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