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Hello everyone, I am Power Talk, for battery charging circuits, the path management function is particularly important. This article illustrates this typical function through a simple block diagram.
Figure 1 Typical block diagram of battery charging circuit with path management
From the above block diagram, this system consists of several parts, the AC adapter part, this module can serve as the input source of the system, ACFET is the switching device on the adapter line, while BATFET is the switching device on the battery side. The IC controls these two switches by providing appropriate drive signals, thereby managing the energy paths, such as allowing the system power to come from the battery or from the adapter, etc.
Power Path Management PM
When the controller is in sleep mode, generally only the battery is present, then BATFET will turn on, thereby providing energy to the system from the battery.
When an adapter is plugged in, the chip exits sleep mode, turning off BATFET and turning on ACFET, at this time energy is provided to the system from the adapter.
When an over-voltage adapter is plugged into the system, then ACFET will turn off, and BATFET will turn on, providing energy to the system from the battery, preventing damage to the system from the external adapter.
The above are some typical scenarios regarding charging path management.
Dynamic Power Management DPM
Here we will also discuss the concept of dynamic power management DPM. Generally, if the system does not have dynamic power management DPM functionality, then the adapter source must be able to provide the maximum current required by the system and the maximum charging current available combined, which will require a larger power adapter, increasing the system cost.
When the system adds dynamic power management DPM functionality, when the system load power and battery charging power exceed the maximum power of the adapter, the control chip will reduce the charging current, thus lowering the maximum power of the adapter and further reducing system costs.
Above are the basic concepts of battery charging path management PM and dynamic power management DPM.
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