Introduction to the Internet of Things – Director Yang

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network system that connects objects, devices, and systems in the physical world to the internet through various sensors, communication technologies, and network facilities, enabling data exchange, intelligent identification, monitoring, and management. It breaks the limitations of traditional internet “person-to-person connections” and extends to “thing-to-thing connections” and “thing-to-person connections,” regarded as the third information technology revolution following computers and the internet.

Core Components and Key Technologies

The architecture of the IoT is typically divided into four layers: Perception Layer, Network Layer, Platform Layer, and Application Layer, involving various key technologies:

  1. Perception Layer

  • Function: Collect data from the physical world through devices such as sensors (e.g., temperature, humidity, light, acceleration sensors), RFID tags, and cameras.
  • Technologies: Sensor technology, barcode recognition, QR code technology, smart terminals (e.g., smart meters, smart cameras).

  • Network Layer

    • Short-range Communication: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, NFC (Near Field Communication).
    • Long-range Communication: 5G/6G, NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT), LoRa (Low Power Wide Area Network), satellite communication.
    • Function: Transmit data from the perception layer to the platform layer through communication networks, supporting both long-range and short-range communication.
    • Technologies:

  • Platform Layer (IoT Platform)

    • Function: Store, process, and analyze data, providing development tools and interfaces to support upper-layer applications.
    • Technologies: Cloud computing, big data analysis, edge computing (to reduce latency and enhance real-time performance), artificial intelligence (e.g., machine learning, deep learning).

  • Application Layer

    • Function: Transform technology into specific scenario solutions to meet the needs of different industries.
    • Technologies: Industry-customized software, human-computer interaction interfaces (e.g., apps, visual dashboards).

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