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Researchers at City University of Hong Kong have developed a new type of artificial bone scaffold with a deformation recovery capability of up to 6% to 7%, while the deformation recovery capability of natural bone is 2% to 4%, and traditional metal scaffolds have a deformation recovery capability of less than 1%. Additionally, these scaffolds can flexibly adjust properties such as strength, modulus, and permeability to meet the specific requirements of the implantation site.
This work was published in the International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, providing valuable insights for the development of high-performance artificial bone scaffolds and other multifunctional metamaterials for various engineering applications.
The global demand for bone implants is rapidly increasing, with the market value expected to reach 64.27 billion dollars by 2030.
“Artificial bone scaffolds are an important component of implants, but existing scaffolds are still not ideal,” said the head of the research team. “Scaffolds serve as partial implants to address local bone loss issues and must accurately mimic the characteristics of natural bone at the implantation site. For example, they should have sufficient deformation recovery capability and provide adjustable modulus, strength, and permeability to match the characteristics of the site, while traditional metal scaffolds have not met these expectations.”
A framework for preparing superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) scaffolds with adjustable mechanical and mass transfer properties
NiTi alloys are biocompatible metals with excellent deformation recovery capabilities (also known as superelasticity). Since the end of the 20th century, researchers have been exploring their applications in implants, including orthodontic wires, bone plates, and vascular stents. However, the complex topology of bone scaffolds poses challenges for traditional manufacturing methods.
The emergence of 3D printing technology has provided a solution for manufacturing nickel-titanium scaffolds. Nevertheless, preliminary studies indicate difficulties in controlling the performance of 3D printed nickel-titanium scaffolds, and strategies for achieving optimal superelasticity and widely adjustable properties remain unclear.
The research team utilized laser powder bed fusion technology to collaboratively optimize the microstructure and macrostructure of the NiTi scaffolds, resulting in scaffolds with a layered microstructure and gyroid topology.
Adjustable mechanical properties of NiTi scaffolds
Mass transfer properties of NiTi scaffolds
This design enhances the reversible martensitic phase transformation, significantly improving the superelasticity of the scaffolds. Furthermore, a wide range of mechanical and mass transfer properties has been achieved by adjusting the volume fraction and unit cell size, enhancing the applicability of the scaffolds.
The team noted that compared to previously reported scaffolds, this superelastic nickel-titanium scaffold more closely resembles the deformation behavior of natural bone and is adaptable to meet the diverse needs of different implantation sites. Future research will focus on the biocompatibility and durability (including fatigue, corrosion, etc.) of these scaffolds to enhance their clinical applications.”
Read the original article to learn more about this research achievement.
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