Commonly Used Linux Commands for Developers (1)

  • Introduction
As a developer, using the Linux system is a common practice and a skill that every developer must learn. Being proficient in Linux commands can help you complete tasks more efficiently while using the Linux system.
  • vim Command
Today, we will introduce the vim command, which is the pro version of the vi command, supporting more features. The vim command mainly includes three modes:
1. Command Mode
In command mode, you cannot directly edit the file but can input shortcuts to perform some operations. When you open a file, you enter command mode by default (delete lines, copy lines, move the cursor, paste, etc.).
Main operations in command mode include:
 (1) Cursor Movement:       Key: shift+6 or ^  Action: Move the cursor to the first line       Key: shift+4 or $  Action: Move the cursor to the end of the line       Key: gg  Action: Move the cursor to the first line       Key: G or shift+g  Action: Move the cursor to the last line       Key: ctrl+b or PgUp Action: Scroll up       Key: ctrl+f or PgDn Action: Scroll down(2) Copy Operation:        Key: yy Action: Copy the current line where the cursor is, press p to paste it where you want        Key: number yy Action: Copy a specified number of lines down from the current line (including the current line)        Key: ctrl+v, press ↑↓←→ arrow keys to select the area to copy, press yy to copy, press p to paste(3) Cut/Delete Operation:        Key: dd Action: Cut/Delete the current line where the cursor is, the next line moves up        Note that dd is technically a cut command, but if you cut without pasting, it effectively deletes        Key: number dd Action: Cut/Delete the current line where the cursor is, cut/delete a specified number of lines down, the next line also moves up        Key: D Action: Cut/Delete the current line where the cursor is, the next line does not move up, the current line becomes a blank line(4) Undo/Redo Operation:          Undo: Type :u or u 【undo】         Redo: ctrl+r to restore (cancel) the previous undo operation
2. Insert Mode
In this mode, you can edit the content of the file.
Entering Method: Press i/a/o/I/A/O/S in command mode Common: i(insert), a(after) Exit Method: Press the esc key
3. Last Line Mode
You can enter commands in the last line to operate on the file (search, replace, save, exit, undo, highlight, etc.).
  Entering Last Line Mode:      After entering the file, press : to enter  Save Operation      Type: ":w" to save the file      Type: ":w path" to save as  Exit      Type ":q" to exit the file  Force Exit      Type ":q!" to force exit without saving changes  Search/Find          Type: "/keyword"      To switch to the next result in the search results: N/n      To cancel highlighting, type: ":nohl"  Replace      :s/search keyword/new content Replace the first occurrence of the condition in the current line      :s/search keyword/new content/g Replace all occurrences of the condition in the current line      :%s/search keyword/new content Replace the first occurrence of the condition in each line of the entire document      :%s/search keyword/new content/g Replace all occurrences of the condition in the entire document      % means the entire file      g means global   Show Line Numbers      Type: "set nu"      To cancel, type: "set nonu"

  • Four Ways to Open a File with vim

    vim file path

    Action: Open the specified file

    vim +number file path

    Action: Open the specified file and move the cursor to the specified line

    vim +/keyword file path

    Action: Open the specified file and highlight the keyword

    vim file path1 file path2

    Action: Open multiple files simultaneously

  • Configure vim

    1. Configuration entered in last line mode when the file is opened (temporary)

    2. Personal configuration file (~/.vimrc, create if it does not exist)

    3. Global configuration file (provided by vim, /etc/vimrc)

    Personal Configuration File

    ① After creating the personal configuration file, enter editing mode

    ② Configure in the configuration file: for example, to show line numbers: set nu

    After configuration, vim will always display line numbers when opening files

    Note: If the same configuration item exists in the personal configuration file, it takes precedence; if it does not exist, the global configuration file is used.

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