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Hello everyone, welcome back to the Electronic Engineering Learning Circle. Today we will continue discussing this book, the Hardware System Engineer’s Bible.
In the last article, we analyzed the Boost circuit and theoretically calculated the critical inductance value that ensures the Boost circuit operates in continuous mode, as well as how increasing the filter capacitance and raising the semiconductor operating frequency can effectively reduce output voltage ripple. Today, we will talk about how to get started with CPU circuit design in embedded development.
There are many types of embedded processors, which can be classified according to different application fields, processing capabilities, and architectures:
1.Embedded Microprocessors
Microprocessors can be further divided intoARM architecture,PowerPC architecture,MIPS architecture, andX86 architecture.
2.Embedded Microcontrollers
Microcontrollers are commonly referred to as single-chip microcontrollers, with common types including8051 series,PIC series, andCortex series.
3.Digital Signal Processors
Digital signal processors are specially designed for embedded system architecture and instructions, suitable for executing DSP algorithms, commonly applied in digital filtering, FET, and spectral analysis.
The design of the CPU circuit is the most complex and core part of the entire circuit design. Starting from the requirements analysis, select the hardware architecture to be used for the design. For any engineering project design, it is impossible to start from scratch; we must learn to “stand on the shoulders of giants” to develop, learning to design based on the foundation laid by predecessors, which includes development platforms, various libraries, development specifications,DEMO boards, schematic guides, PCB layout guides, etc.
So, when faced with a new design requirement, how should we approach the CPU circuit design? The author will illustrate this with the example ofS3C2416 development:
1.First, collect the necessary materials, such as the chip manual, design guidelines, board support packages, and CPU peripheral circuit descriptions.
2.When reviewing the datasheet, do not read it “cover to cover”; instead, obtain the design-related module information by reviewing the table of contents. The following image shows the S3C2416 chip table of contents.
S3C2461 Table of Contents
By reading the Overview section of the Introduction and Features, you can grasp the functional characteristics of the chip as a whole; identify the architecture of the chip based on the Block Diagram; and check the pin distribution and pin functions.
3.After clarifying the functions and pins of each part of the chip, you can make the correct circuit connections. If there is no schematic to refer to, you need to model based on the Datasheet, classifying each pin by functional module, as shown in the following image:
Schematic Package Library Modeled by Module Classification
4.Then you can refer to the Circuit Design CheckList and the schematic of the Demo board to understand the circuits of each part.
5.For circuit design, the required circuits include: power/ground network, program startup location configuration, clock signal input/output circuits, CPU reset, power-on timing control, external memory circuit design, various external interfaces (RJ45, UART, USB, etc.), various buses, and A/D, D/A, etc.
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