2025 Comprehensive Python Beginner’s Guide

1. Introduction to Python【Surprise benefits at the end】

1. Why Learn Python?

Before learning Python, don’t worry if you have no foundation or think you’re “not smart enough”. I firmly believe that as long as you want to learn and put in the effort, you can master it and use Python to do many things. In this noisy era, many technologies or concepts will constantly emerge. I hope you can calm down and learn, don’t rush for quick success, take it step by step. When you master a certain technology, you can still accomplish things, even find a job you like or complete practical projects.

No programming language is the best; there is only the most suitable one. As a beginner, I highly recommend you learn Python. Why? On one hand, it has clear syntax, friendly code, and high readability. At the same time, Python has a powerful set of third-party libraries, including web scraping, data analysis, visualization, and artificial intelligence. On the other hand, Python is both an interpreted programming language and an object-oriented language, making it highly operable and portable. It is widely used in data mining, information collection, artificial intelligence, network security, and automated testing. In fact, many elementary and high school courses and computer level two have gradually added Python.

2. Advantages of Python

The greatest advantage of Python is its efficiency. Sometimes, the efficiency of programmers or researchers is more important than that of machines. For many complex functions, using a clearer language can reduce the burden on the program, greatly enhancing its quality. Its ease of learning and extensibility also allow newcomers to get started quickly. Although Python runs slower than C at the lower level, its clear structure frees up programmers’ time and allows for easy integration with other programming languages (like C).

Thus, no programming language has ever rooted itself in so many fields like Python. Python supports cross-platform operations and is open-source, with a strong set of third-party libraries. Especially with the continuous heat of artificial intelligence, Python has ranked first in the most popular languages released by IEEE in recent years, and more and more programming enthusiasts and tech followers are beginning to learn Python.

3. Python Learning Suggestions

During the process of learning Python, don’t think that your foundation is weak or that you have never been in contact with it before and want to give up. Many people choose to drop out before even starting. I believe that as long as you calm down and put in the effort, you can learn well. In the learning process, you must write code, write code, and write code. Only by practicing can you gradually accumulate knowledge.

Also, making mistakes while writing code is common. If I write Python code every day without making mistakes, I feel uneasy. Therefore, when encountering errors, learning to use Baidu or Google to solve them is very important; it is also a way to enhance your learning ability. If you really can’t find the error, you can ask questions in open-source forums, communities, or study groups.

Next, I provide the Python programmer growth roadmap recommended by senior teacher Xu Xiangwu, including: basic syntax -> language sense training -> project practice -> continue learning in specific directions -> intermediate programmer -> expand depth and breadth -> senior programmer.

Here, I share my learning journey and tips for Python. I first encountered Python in 2013, mainly because my graduate direction was natural language processing, which required using Python to scrape data and analyze it. Back then, there was very little information on Python, and it wasn’t so popular, but I persisted. Specific suggestions are as follows:

• First, install the environment and start writing your first Python code; don’t wait until tomorrow.

During the learning process, avoid watching videos (books) while sipping milk tea; you must practice coding!

• Usually, start by understanding the basic syntax of Python. I recommend the videos from Teacher Song Tian of Beijing Institute of Technology and the runoob syntax. Of course, there are many free resources on Bilibili and CSDN that you can choose from.

• Once you have a rough grasp of the basic syntax, you can try learning Python web scraping. Whether it’s data analysis, machine learning, or penetration testing, scraping technology will be involved. Only by having your own corpus can you address more problems. You don’t need to dive too deep into scraping; mastering two techniques is enough.

• Urllib, Requests, BeautifulSoup, XPath, Selenium, Scrapy, distributed scraping.

• Next, learn Python visualization analysis (word clouds), WeChat operations, email sending, and other functions. This knowledge can effectively increase your programming interest.

• Artificial intelligence direction: including machine learning (regression | clustering | classification), deep learning (TensorFlow | Keras | Pytorch) learning, suggested to conduct in-depth research combined with actual research or projects.

• Image recognition direction: including image processing, OpenCV, pattern recognition, machine learning, deep learning, and target detection learning, also suggested to conduct in-depth research combined with actual research or projects.

• Other learning directions: Web development, network security, automated testing, application programming.

There are no shortcuts on the learning path, only persistence. However, you can continuously enhance your learning interest through Python and do things you love, growing fond of this language. Finally, here’s a motivational quote I used during my junior year while learning Python:

• If not now, when? If not me, who?

• If not for myself, who else; if not now, when will I start?

About Python Technical Preparation

Mastering Python is beneficial for both employment and making money through side jobs, but to learn Python, you need a learning plan. Finally, I share a complete set of Python learning materials to help those who want to learn Python!

Basic Python Entry-Level Tutorial【Surprise benefits at the end】

Chapter 1 Getting Started: Basic Knowledge

1.1 Interactive Interpreter

1.2 What is an Algorithm

1.3 Numbers and Expressions

1.4 Variables

1.5 Statements

1.6 Getting User Input

1.7 Functions

1.8 Modules

1.9 Saving and Executing Programs

1.10 Strings

Chapter 2 Lists and Tuples

2.1 Overview of Sequences

2.2 Common Sequence Operations

2.3 Lists: The Mainstay of Python

2.4 Tuples: Immutable Sequences

Chapter 3 Using Strings

3.1 Basic String Operations

3.2 Setting String Formats: Simplified Version

3.3 Setting String Formats: Complete Version

3.4 String Methods

3.5 Summary

Chapter 4 When Indexing Fails

4.1 The Use of Dictionaries

4.2 Creating and Using Dictionaries

Chapter 5 Conditions, Loops, and Other Statements

5.1 Re-discussing print and import

5.2 Assignment Magic

5.3 Code Blocks: The Joy of Indentation

5.4 Conditions and Conditional Statements

5.5 Loops

…

Chapter 6 Abstraction

6.2 Abstraction and Structure

6.3 Custom Functions

6.4 Parameter Magic

6.5 Scope…

Chapter 7 More on Abstraction

7.1 Object Magic

7.2 Classes

7.3 Thoughts on Object-Oriented Design

Chapter 8 Exceptions

8.1 What is an Exception

8.2 Making Things Go Wrong on Your Terms

8.3 Catching Exceptions

8.4 Exceptions and Functions

…

Chapter 9 Magic Methods, Properties, and Iterators

9.1 If You’re Not Using Python 3

9.2 Constructors

9.3 Element Access

…

Chapter 10 Out of the Box

10.1 Modules

10.2 Exploring Modules

10.3 Standard Library: Some Popular Modules

…

Chapter 11 Files

11.1 Opening Files

11.2 Basic Methods for Files

11.3 Iterating File Contents

Chapter 12 Graphical User Interface

12.1 Creating GUI Example Applications

12.2 Using Other GUI Toolkits

…

Chapter 13 Database Support

13.1 Python Database API

13.2 SQLite and PySQLite

…

Chapter 14 Network Programming

14.2 SocketServer and Related Classes

14.3 Multiple Connections

…

Chapter 15 Python and the Web

15.1 Screen Scraping

15.2 Creating Dynamic Web Pages Using CGI

15.3 Using Web Frameworks

…Chapter 16 Testing Basics

16.1 Test Before Coding

16.2 Testing Tools

16.3 Beyond Unit Testing

…

Chapter 17 Extending Python

17.1 Having Your Cake and Eating It Too

17.2 Simple Ways: Jython and IronPython

…

Chapter 18 Program Packaging

Chapter 19 Fun Programming

Chapter 20 Project 1: Automatic Tagging

Chapter 21 Project 2: Drawing Charts

Chapter 22 Project 3: Universal XML

Chapter 23 Project 4: News Summary

Chapter 24 Project 5: Virtual Tea Party

Chapter 25 Project 6: Remote Editing with CGI

Chapter 26 Project 7: Building Your Own Bulletin Board

Chapter 27 Project 8: Sharing Files Using XML-RPC

Chapter 28 Project 9: Sharing Files with GUI

Chapter 29 Project 10: Homemade Arcade Game

How to Get: