来源：本文转自“运维研习社” The Netfilter framework was created by Rusty Russell in 1998. It is a subsystem of the Linux kernel, merged into the Linux kernel in March 2000. Netfilter adopts a modular design, providing a well-structured underlying framework for extending various network services. You can register callbacks at various points in the packet traversal process within … Read more
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While troubleshooting an issue related to a network device, I finally found the root cause. The phenomenon is that <span>dmesg</span> keeps printing the following log: page_pool_release_retry() stalled pool shutdown 1 inflight 2899 sec Root cause: The Kafka Go library IBM/sarama[1] has a TCP connection leak issue (Client SeekBroker Connection Leak[2]). TL;DR: The leaked TCP connections … Read more
The default gateway in Linux is the IP address of the router that forwards packets when the Linux system accesses other networks (such as the Internet). It is a core configuration for achieving inter-network communication. Core Function 01 The core value of the default gateway lies in solving the problem of “the local network cannot … Read more
The network loopback interface (<span><span>lo</span></span>) 1. What is it? <span>lo</span> is a virtual network interface that is automatically created and managed by the operating system kernel. Its IP address is always <span>127.0.0.1</span> (IPv4) and <span>::1</span> (IPv6), which is known as the loopback address localhost. Any IP packets sent to this address range will be directly … Read more
NAPI NAPI is the event handling mechanism used by the Linux networking stack. Today, the term “NAPI” no longer represents any specific meaning [1]. In basic operations, devices notify the host of new events via interrupts. The host then schedules a NAPI instance to handle these events. Additionally, devices can poll for events through NAPI … Read more
1. Basic Usage of the ethtool Command The basic syntax of the ethtool command is as follows: ethtool (options) <interface> Here, <interface> refers to the name of the network interface you want to operate on, such as the common eth0, ens33, etc. The (options) are specific functional options that determine what operation you perform on … Read more
In-Depth Analysis of the Linux Routing Table Establishment Process 1. Working Principle The routing table is a core component of the Linux networking stack, used to determine the forwarding path of packets. The establishment process is divided into three levels: Kernel Initialization Stage Automatically create the local routing table (<span>local</span> table) Generate direct routes for … Read more