Optimization of Welding Process Parameters for Full-Welded Ball Valves Based on Combined Surrogate Models and IPSO-GA
1. Introduction and Research Background Importance of Full-Welded Ball Valves: Widely used in long-distance pipelines and critical devices in the oil, natural gas, and chemical industries, their safety, sealing, and durability are crucial. Once welding defects occur in the valve body, catastrophic consequences may ensue. Challenges in Welding Processes: Welding is a complex transient process … Read more