differential amplification

Complex Symptoms of Differential Failures in Vehicles and Outdated Diagnostic Equipment

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Complex Symptoms of Differential Failures in Vehicles and Outdated Diagnostic Equipment

Are the symptoms of differential failures in vehicles complex, and is the diagnostic equipment outdated? Unusual noises when turning, jolting during acceleration? It could be the differential “calling for help”! The differential is a core component of the vehicle’s transmission system, responsible for adjusting the speed difference between the left and right wheels during turns, … Read more

Principle of Measuring Positive and Negative Voltage with MCU Single-Ended Pins

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Principle of Measuring Positive and Negative Voltage with MCU Single-Ended Pins

Most MCU pins cannot measure negative voltage. Therefore, to achieve the collection of both positive and negative voltages, the circuit shown in Figure 1 can be used. This circuit converts negative voltage to positive voltage, and the specific principle is as follows. Figure 1 According to the virtual short concept, we can set the voltages … Read more