Fundamentals of Networking 1、OSI（Open System Interconnection）Open System Interconnection Model Seven-layer model: Layer 1: Physical Layer : Transmission of raw bit streams over mechanical, electronic, and timing interfaces communication channels Layer 2: Data Link Layer: Physical addressing, while transforming the raw bit stream into logical transmission lines Layer 3: Network Layer: Controls the operation of subnets, … Read more
The TCP/IP protocol is a transport layer protocol that mainly addresses how data is transmitted over the network, while HTTP is an application layer protocol that mainly deals with how to package the data. Regarding the relationship between TCP/IP and HTTP protocols, there is a relatively easy-to-understand introduction on the internet: “When we transmit data, … Read more
From: Non-Professional Class TCP/IP Concepts TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a suite of protocols that enables information transmission across multiple different networks. The TCP/IP protocol does not refer solely to the TCP and IP protocols, but to a suite of protocols including FTP, SMTP, TCP, UDP, IP, etc. It is the fundamental protocol of … Read more
Introduction to HTTP 1. HTTP Versions Since the invention of the HTTP protocol, it has undergone several version modifications, namely <span>HTTP/0.9</span>, <span>HTTP/1</span><span>.0</span>, <span>HTTP/1.1</span> and <span>HTTP/2</span>. Currently, the main version in use is <span>HTTP/1.1</span>, which is the focus of this article. 2. TCP/IP Protocol Before learning about the HTTP protocol, let’s first understand the TCP/IP protocol. … Read more
In the world of the Internet of Things, a typical network architecture is as follows: first, terminal devices or sensors collect signals or information. For devices that cannot connect to the internet or intranet, the sensors send the detected information to a gateway, which then sends the information to the server. Some devices, like smartphones, … Read more
The previous article detailed the file transfer protocol Xmodem family. The Xmodem family is usually used for short-distance file transfers via serial ports, but in reality, many file transfer needs are much more complex, requiring us to flexibly design communication protocols for specific scenarios to achieve more diversified file transfers. This article expands on the … Read more
Grab your keyboard and let’s get hands-on! Our goal is to create an application that can control smart lights via an HTTP interface. The main features of this application include: Starting an HTTP server. Receiving requests to control the light’s state (on/off). Returning the current state of the light. In practical applications, such functionality can … Read more
A True Master Always Retains a Learner’s Heart! 1. Project Overview An enterprise-level IoT platform with open-source code for TCP/UDP/MQTT/HTTP. 2. Functional Features Notification Management: The notification management module is responsible for handling various notification messages generated within the IoT system, including device status changes, alarm information, and system events. This module can send, receive, … Read more
Exploring the Mongoose Framework mongoose is a lightweight, cross-platform C/C++ networking library that helps us quickly set up a web server, handle HTTP requests, and implement WebSocket communication, among other features. Its simple interface and rich functionality make it an ideal choice for beginners in C++ web programming. Before using mongoose, ensure that it has … Read more
In Python, if you want to interact with the internet, the Requests library is definitely a “must-have”. Whether it’s scraping web data or interacting with API interfaces, Requests makes HTTP requests super simple. Today, we’ll break down this amazing tool’s usage and provide some practical examples, so by the end, you’ll be able to easily … Read more