Beginner → Intermediate → Specialized Breakthrough → Practical Application
1. Beginner Stage (1-2 weeks)
Goal: Master basic syntax and be able to write simple scripts.Learning Content:
- Environment Setup: Install Python (recommended 3.8+), PyCharm/VSCode, Jupyter Notebook.
- Basic Syntax: Variables, data types (integers, strings, lists, dictionaries), operators, conditional statements (
<span>if-else</span>), loops (<span>for/while</span>). - Functions and Modules: Define functions, parameter passing,
<span>import</span>modules (such as<span>math</span>,<span>random</span>). - File Operations: Read and write text files (
<span>open()</span>).
2. Intermediate Stage (2-4 weeks)
Goal: Understand object-oriented programming and commonly used libraries.Learning Content:
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism.
- Common Libraries:
<span>os</span>/<span>sys</span>: System operations.<span>datetime</span>: Time handling.<span>json</span>/<span>csv</span>: Data parsing.<span>requests</span>: Network requests (basic web scraping).- Error Handling:
<span>try-except</span>to catch exceptions. - Virtual Environments:
<span>venv</span>or<span>conda</span>to manage dependencies.
3. Specialized Breakthrough (Choose Based on Interest)
(1) Data Analysis & Scientific Computing
- Core Libraries:
<span>NumPy</span>(numerical computation),<span>Pandas</span>(data processing),<span>Matplotlib</span>/<span>Seaborn</span>(visualization). - Learning Path:
- Use Pandas to clean Excel/CSV data.
- Use Matplotlib to draw line charts and bar charts.
- Advanced: Machine Learning (
<span>scikit-learn</span>).
(2) Web Scraping
- Core Libraries:
<span>Scrapy</span>,<span>BeautifulSoup</span>,<span>Selenium</span>(for dynamic web pages). - Learning Path:
- Scrape static web pages (e.g., Douban Movie TOP 250).
- Handle anti-scraping (User-Agent, IP proxies).
(3) Web Development
- Frameworks:
<span>Flask</span>(lightweight),<span>Django</span>(full-stack). - Learning Path:
- Build a blog system using Flask.
- Database integration (
<span>SQLite</span>/<span>MySQL</span>).
(4) Automation & Operations
- Scenarios: Batch processing files, monitoring servers, automated testing (
<span>pytest</span>).
4. Practical Projects (Consolidate Skills)
- Data Analysis: Analyze historical data of a stock and visualize it.
- Web Scraping: Scrape headlines from news websites and automatically push them to email.
- Web: Develop a to-do list application using Django.
- Tools: Write a script to automatically organize desktop files.