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Arm means “arm, limb”. Although this word consists of only three letters, it contains a root “ar-”, which means “to combine”. How should we understand this? Westerners believe that the arm is connected to our upper limb through the shoulder joint, so they used a root that signifies “combination” to create the word arm to represent “arm”. The letter m at the end of this word is a result of swapping with the letter n, because when coining words, the letter n is generally added after r. For example, in words like turn, born, etc., but here, due to phonetic reasons, n is replaced with m, which is also a kind of letter swapping we refer to as the ACS English word formation rule.The word arm can also mean “chair armrest” because an armrest is also something that is attached. Additionally, arm can be used as a verb, for example, arm yourself. Here, it certainly cannot be translated as “arm you yourself”, but should be understood as “to arm oneself”, where the core meaning of arm is “to combine”. The meaning of arm yourself is to combine some weapons with oneself, so in this case, arm should be translated as “to arm, to prepare for battle; to equip”, with the core still being the root ar- indicating “combination” as an extension of that meaning.

1

Armor

Armor is created from arm as “to arm” with the addition of a noun suffix or. Therefore, armor refers to the “armor or protective gear” that ancient soldiers wore to arm themselves during battles, which you might often see in TV dramas.

2

Army

means “military”, which is still related to the meaning of arm as “to arm”. An army is an organized, disciplined, and combat-ready group of people armed with weapons, also known as “armed forces”, which is quite understandable.

3

Alarm

The prefix al- is a variation of the prefix ad-, meaning to strengthen the tone, which abstracts or extends the meaning of the root word further. The arm at the end is still related to “to arm”, and this word refers to a “warning device” that alerts everyone to arm themselves against danger when it approaches. For example, the alarm that can issue an air raid warning is an alarm; in daily life, this word refers to “alarm clock” because it can also emit a reminder sound like a warning device. Additionally, the word alarm can also mean “feeling of alarm” or refer to the action of “causing alarm”, both of which are extensions of the meaning of “warning device”. When you hear the sound of the “warning device”, it means danger is approaching, which can cause you to feel “alarmed”.

4

Harmony

The first h in this word has no meaning. The arm- in the middle does not refer to the arm but is still a variation of the root ar- meaning “to combine”, which means that the m at the end is a kind of doubling of the preceding r letter. According to word formation rules, it should be doubled as r, but it is generally doubled as n, because r-n can be interchangeable, but here n is replaced with m, which is a series of letter swapping phenomena that occur for phonetic convenience. The on- at the end of harmony is a suffix, and the last letter Y is a tail letter, so the core meaning of harmony is still related to “combination”, specifically referring to a perfect state where everything or everyone in an environment is interconnected and achieves a harmonious balance. In Chinese, it is called “harmony, coordination”, for example, humans and nature should coexist harmoniously, which can use this word.

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