Understanding Emerging Majors: Artificial Intelligence

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Understanding Emerging Majors: Artificial Intelligence

Choosing the right major closely related to one’s profession is very important for every college entrance examinee. To help candidates understand the situation of the majors, and to prepare for their major selection and career planning in advance, the Provincial Education Examination Institute has launched a series of “Major Interpretations” in collaboration with the Higher Education Department and universities, for the reference of candidates in the 2022 college entrance examination. Today, we launch the first issue.

In recent years, the field of artificial intelligence has developed rapidly, and the artificial intelligence major (undergraduate) has also become a highlight and hot topic in university admissions. What does the artificial intelligence major study? What are the employment directions? Today, let’s explore this “popular” major together↓↓

1. When did the artificial intelligence major start to be offered in domestic universities?

On March 30, 2019, the Ministry of Education announced the notice on the results of the filing and approval of undergraduate majors for ordinary colleges and universities in 2018, listing the artificial intelligence major in the list of newly added undergraduate majors.

2. What is the artificial intelligence major?

Artificial Intelligence (AI), as an undergraduate major in Chinese ordinary universities, is a cross-disciplinary and emerging discipline based on computer science. It integrates multiple disciplines such as computer science, psychology, and philosophy, researching and developing theories, methods, technologies, and application systems used to simulate, extend, and enhance human intelligence. It strives to understand the essence of intelligence and produce intelligent machines that can respond similarly to human intelligence, including robots, language recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, and expert systems.

3. Where is the “newness” of the artificial intelligence major as an emerging major? What are the similarities and differences compared to traditional computer science and automation majors?

Compared to the artificial intelligence major, the computer science major has a curriculum system that is more focused on the underlying operating systems and compilation principles, with course content related to computers. The artificial intelligence major places more emphasis on the application of interdisciplinary studies and human-related interactive behaviors, requiring a higher mathematical foundation.

Compared to the artificial intelligence major, the traditional automation major is based on theoretical foundations from emerging cross-disciplinary fields such as systems science, control science, and information science, using advanced technologies such as electrical engineering technology, sensor technology, and computers as major means to achieve repetitive operations and goal execution according to established procedures. The emergence of the artificial intelligence major helps to solve more personalized execution target problems, allowing the automated production process to no longer be entirely realized through presetting but rather through machine learning algorithms to automatically execute tasks.

4. What is the relationship between the establishment of the first batch of future technology colleges and the development of the artificial intelligence major?

In May 2020, the Ministry of Education officially announced the list of the first batch of future technology colleges, which includes 12 colleges.

The Ministry of Education stated that it plans to build 20 to 30 future technology colleges across the country in the next four years, focusing on national strategies and anchoring key fields such as aerospace, artificial intelligence, quantum information science, marine technology, and life health, to proactively layout the construction of future technology colleges to serve major national strategic needs such as a strong manufacturing nation, a strong network nation, a strong marine nation, digital China, and healthy China.

As a widely recognized major with “future” characteristics, artificial intelligence will further develop in the construction of future technology colleges.

5. Which universities currently offer the artificial intelligence major in China and the province?

Currently, there are 345 ordinary colleges and universities in China offering undergraduate programs in artificial intelligence. Among them, there are 11 in Guangdong Province, including Sun Yat-sen University, South China University of Technology, Jinan University, South China Agricultural University, South China Normal University, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong Petroleum and Chemical College, Guangzhou University, Guangdong Baiyun University, and Guangdong Neusoft University.

6. What is the duration of the artificial intelligence major? What degree is awarded?

The duration of the artificial intelligence major is four years, and it awards a Bachelor of Engineering degree.

7. What are the main courses of the artificial intelligence major?

The artificial intelligence major generally offers foundational mathematics courses (such as calculus, linear algebra, and mathematical statistics) and foundational computer courses (such as data structures and basic programming), and on this basis, specialized courses are also offered to deepen the study of artificial intelligence theory and technology (such as deep learning, machine learning, etc.).

The specific core courses include: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Advanced Language Programming, Python Programming, Discrete Mathematics, Data Structures, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Signal and System, Computer Vision, Digital Signal Processing, Digital Image Processing, Statistics, Pattern Recognition, Stochastic Processes, Optimization Methods, Comprehensive Design of Artificial Intelligence Systems, Data Mining, Natural Language Processing, Geometric Perception and Intelligence, Intelligent Hardware and Interaction Design, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, Blockchain, Cognitive Psychology, and Bio-inspired Intelligence.

Understanding Emerging Majors: Artificial Intelligence

In the picture, the International Campus of South China University of Technology’s Artificial Intelligence Hardware Laboratory is one of the most comprehensive laboratories for intelligent hardware development equipment in South China, equipped with service robots, intelligent aircraft, intelligent vehicles, interactive robotic arms, STM32 and Arduino development platforms, AI optical motion capture systems, and more.

Understanding Emerging Majors: Artificial Intelligence

In the picture, the Big Data Comprehensive Laboratory of South China University of Technology is a demonstration benchmark training room created by Baidu in universities in South China, integrating computing resources, course resources, experimental training project resources, dataset resources, and virtualization and container technology, making it one of the most comprehensive training rooms for industry big data sets and AI algorithm cases in South China.

Understanding Emerging Majors: Artificial Intelligence

In the picture, the School of Artificial Intelligence at Sun Yat-sen University was established in June 2020, located at the Zhuhai Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, plans to build eight undergraduate teaching laboratories, including foundational, professional, and integrated laboratories for air and space, expected to be put into use in 2022.

8. What is the employment outlook for the artificial intelligence major?

In recent years, China’s artificial intelligence has developed rapidly, and the country has also placed great importance on the development of the artificial intelligence field. In February of this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security released the “New Occupations – Analysis Report on the Employment Prosperity Status of Artificial Intelligence Engineering Technicians”. The report shows that there is currently a shortage of over 5 million artificial intelligence talents in China, with a supply-demand ratio of 1:10, indicating a serious imbalance in supply and demand.

Artificial intelligence engineering technicians are professionals engaged in the analysis, research, and development of various technologies related to artificial intelligence algorithms, deep learning, etc., and are responsible for the design, optimization, operation, management, and application of artificial intelligence systems. Employment directions for artificial intelligence majors include scientific research, engineering development, computer science, software engineering, applied mathematics, electrical automation communication, mechanical manufacturing, etc.

With the continuous popularity of artificial intelligence, more and more job seekers are turning their job search directions toward artificial intelligence-related positions, especially in basic-level positions. For example, the supply of algorithm engineers has increased by over 100%. In terms of salary, the employment salary for artificial intelligence is currently among the highest in various industries.

As the number of artificial intelligence companies increases, the tightness of artificial intelligence talent has intensified, especially for positions related to voice recognition.

9. What are the recommendations for applying for the artificial intelligence major?

(1) Apply rationally based on your actual situation. There is a large demand gap for high-level artificial intelligence talents, but it is advised that everyone should not blindly follow the trend due to the popularity of artificial intelligence. It is essential to consider one’s own interests and the difficulty of the disciplines when applying.

(2) Have a good mathematical foundation. The problems faced in the field of artificial intelligence are ever-changing, requiring the transformation of complex and abstract problems into mathematical problems, leading to the involvement of many mathematical tools. The core of artificial intelligence currently is deep learning and machine learning, both of which are branches of computer science that require a high mathematical foundation.

(3) Have an interest in computers and intelligent applications. The artificial intelligence major has a profound correlation with computers and intelligent applications. To become a professional talent in the field of artificial intelligence, one needs to learn core courses in computer science, mathematics, and statistics, as well as courses in intelligent applications. Only by solidifying the foundational knowledge and utilizing interest to drive proactive thinking can one develop new patterns and find their own positioning.

(4) Maintain enthusiasm for research in the field of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is already widely applied in various fields, such as intelligent recommendation, voice recognition, facial recognition, intelligent driving, fingerprint recognition, etc. However, the foundational models of artificial intelligence algorithms in China are relatively weak, requiring domestic researchers to maintain a more enthusiastic investment in artificial intelligence research to promote the development of the artificial intelligence field in China.

Here, we especially thank the relevant universities for their guidance and support for this issue. For more interpretations of emerging majors, please pay close attention to the official WeChat account and website of the Guangdong Provincial Education Examination Institute.

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Understanding Emerging Majors: Artificial Intelligence

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