Original link: https://developer.aliyun.com/article/1637555In Linux systems, the <span>ip</span> command is a powerful tool for managing network interfaces and routing. Compared to the older <span>ifconfig</span> command, the <span>ip</span> command offers more features and finer control. This article will detail the common operations of the <span>ip</span> command to help users manage and configure networks more effectively.
<span>ip</span> Command Basics
<span>ip</span> command is part of the <span>iproute2</span> package, primarily used to display and manipulate routing tables, network interfaces, and tunnels. Its basic syntax is as follows:
ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT COMMAND
Where <span>OBJECT</span> can be <span>link</span>, <span>addr</span>, <span>route</span>, etc., and <span>COMMAND</span> is the operation performed on the OBJECT, such as <span>add</span>, <span>del</span>, <span>show</span>, etc.
Viewing Network Interface Information
To view the status and configuration information of all network interfaces:
ip link show
To view information for a specific network interface:
ip link show dev eth0
Enabling and Disabling Network Interfaces
To enable a network interface:
ip link set dev eth0 up
To disable a network interface:
ip link set dev eth0 down
Configuring IP Addresses
To add an IP address to a network interface:
ip addr add 192.168.1.10/24 dev eth0
To delete an IP address from a network interface:
ip addr del 192.168.1.10/24 dev eth0
To view all IP addresses on network interfaces:
ip addr show
To view the IP address of a specific network interface:
ip addr show dev eth0
Managing Routes
To view the current routing table:
ip route show
To add a route for a specific network:
ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1
To delete a route for a specific network:
ip route del 192.168.1.0/24
To add a default route:
ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
Configuring Network Aliases
To configure an alias for a network interface, which facilitates managing multiple IP address scenarios:
ip addr add 192.168.1.20/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1
To view network aliases:
ip addr show dev eth0
Managing ARP Cache
To view the ARP cache table:
ip neigh show
To add a static ARP entry:
ip neigh add 192.168.1.10 lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev eth0
To delete an ARP entry:
ip neigh del 192.168.1.10 dev eth0
VLAN Configuration
To create a VLAN interface:
ip link add link eth0 name eth0.100 type vlan id 100
To delete a VLAN interface:
ip link delete eth0.100
Operation Summary Table
| Operation Type | Command Example | Description |
|---|---|---|
| View Network Interfaces | <span>ip link show</span> |
Displays the status and configuration information of all network interfaces |
| Enable Network Interface | <span>ip link set dev eth0 up</span> |
Enables the specified network interface |
| Disable Network Interface | <span>ip link set dev eth0 down</span> |
Disables the specified network interface |
| Configure IP Address | <span>ip addr add 192.168.1.10/24 dev eth0</span> |
Adds an IP address to the network interface |
| Delete IP Address | <span>ip addr del 192.168.1.10/24 dev eth0</span> |
Deletes an IP address from the network interface |
| View Routing Table | <span>ip route show</span> |
Displays the current routing table |
| Add Route | <span>ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1</span> |
Adds a route to the specified network |
| Delete Route | <span>ip route del 192.168.1.0/24</span> |
Deletes a route for the specified network |
| Configure Network Alias | <span>ip addr add 192.168.1.20/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1</span> |
Configures an alias for the network interface |
| View ARP Cache | <span>ip neigh show</span> |
Displays the ARP cache table |
| Add ARP Entry | <span>ip neigh add 192.168.1.10 lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev eth0</span> |
Adds a static ARP entry |
| Delete ARP Entry | <span>ip neigh del 192.168.1.10 dev eth0</span> |
Deletes the specified ARP entry |
| Create VLAN Interface | <span>ip link add link eth0 name eth0.100 type vlan id 100</span> |
Creates a VLAN interface |
| Delete VLAN Interface | <span>ip link delete eth0.100</span> |
Deletes the VLAN interface |
Conclusion
The <span>ip</span> command in Linux is a powerful and flexible network management tool capable of performing a variety of operations, from basic network interface configuration to advanced routing and VLAN management. By mastering these common operations, users can manage and configure the network environment of Linux systems more efficiently. Whether for daily management or troubleshooting, the <span>ip</span> command is an indispensable tool.
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