Overview of Research Progress on Real-Time Neurofeedback Technology Based on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signals in Mental Disorders

Overview of Research Progress on Real-Time Neurofeedback Technology Based on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signals in Mental Disorders

[Citation Format] Liu Siyan, Wang Jijun. Research Progress on Real-Time Neurofeedback Technology Based on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signals in Mental Disorders[J]. Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 2025, 51(3): 174-179.

[Cite this article]LIU S Y, WANG J J. The application of real-time neurofeedback interventions based on functional magnetic resonance imaging signals in mental disorders[J]. Chin J Nervous Mental Dis, 2025, 51(3): 174-179.

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1002-0152.2025.03.009

Research Progress on Real-Time Neurofeedback Technology Based on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signals in Mental Disorders

Liu Siyan Wang Jijun

Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Abstract: Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that helps individuals self-regulate brain function by real-time monitoring and feedback of brain activity. This technique includes traditional neurofeedback, decoding neurofeedback, and connectivity-based neurofeedback, and has been applied in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, substance addiction, and schizophrenia. However, differences in research methods, feedback algorithms, and target areas have a significant impact on the reliability and reproducibility of studies. Future research should optimize experimental designs, clarify the best neural targets, and assess long-term efficacy to enhance the clinical application of real-time fMRI neurofeedback in the treatment of psychiatric diseases.

Keywords:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging；Psychiatric disorders；Neurofeedback；Biofeedback；Neuromodulation；Brain function；Neuroplasticity

This article is authored by the authors, who hold the copyright. The “Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases” has exclusive rights to publish and disseminate this article. Please cite the authors and source when reusing. Some images are sourced from the internet.

Initial Review: Li Li

Review: Xing Shihui

Approved for Release: Zhang Weixi

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