“320 Questions on Current Affairs Before the Exam”
2024-03-10
On March 5, 2024, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced that in 2023, China’s lithium-ion battery industry continued to grow, with a total industry output value exceeding 1.4 trillion yuan. Lithium-ion batteries have also become the product with the highest export proportion among China’s new three types of foreign trade.
Lithium batteries are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as positive/negative electrode materials and employs non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. Lithium batteries were first used in cardiac pacemakers.
Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
1. Lithium Metal Batteries
Lithium metal batteries generally use manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, metal lithium or its alloy as the negative electrode material, and employ non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. They generate electrical energy through the corrosion or oxidation of metal lithium.
The most common form of lithium metal batteries is button batteries, mainly used in computer boards or car keys and other devices.
Lithium metal batteries have high energy density but are prone to fires and explosions, and most are disposable batteries that cannot be recharged or reused.
Lithium-ion batteries generally use lithium alloy metal oxides as the positive electrode material, graphite as the negative electrode material, and employ non-aqueous electrolytes. They rely on the back-and-forth insertion and extraction of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes for charging and discharging.
Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries in devices such as smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles.
Lithium-ion batteries have high operating voltage, high energy storage capacity, are compact and lightweight, can be charged and cycled, have no memory effect, are environmentally friendly, and are less likely to explode.
1. (Single Choice) Which of the following statements about lithium-ion batteries is incorrect ( ).
A. Lithium-ion batteries are the best overall performance disposable battery system available
B. Lithium-ion batteries have high operating voltage, large energy density, and long cycle life
C. The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries is closely related to the structure and performance of the electrode materials
D. Lithium-ion batteries mainly rely on lithium ions moving between the positive and negative electrodes to operate
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Analysis from the “Guaranteed Success in Exams” WeChat public account:
A is incorrect; lithium-ion batteries are the best overall performance rechargeable battery system.
B is correct; lithium-ion batteries have high operating voltage, large energy density, and long cycle life.
C is correct; the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries is closely related to the structure and performance of the electrode materials. The choice of electrode materials largely determines the battery’s performance.
D is correct; lithium-ion batteries rely on the back-and-forth insertion and extraction of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes for charging and discharging.
2. (Single Choice) Lithium batteries using ternary materials as positive electrode materials have become the mainstream power battery in the electric vehicle market in recent years due to their advantages of high capacity, stable cycle (battery life), and moderate cost. The ternary in ternary lithium batteries refers to ( ) three chemical elements.
B. Nickel, Cobalt, Manganese
C. Iron, Nickel, Manganese
D. Silicon, Nickel, Manganese
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Analysis from the “Guaranteed Success in Exams” WeChat public account:
Ternary lithium batteries are lithium batteries made from ternary materials, with the positive electrode materials mainly composed of nickel, cobalt, and manganese or nickel, cobalt, and aluminum.
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