UART, I2C, RS485… These communication protocols are commonly used, but their explanations can be ambiguous. I feel it’s necessary to organize them to consolidate and differentiate. The article is a bit long, so I suggest saving it for later reference. UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter. The UART port refers to a type of physical … Read more
1. SPI BusThe Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus technology was introduced by Motorola and is a synchronous serial interface. Most MCUs (Microcontrollers) produced by Motorola, such as the 68 series MCUs, are equipped with SPI hardware interfaces. SPI is used for full-duplex, synchronous serial communication between the CPU and various peripheral devices. SPI can simultaneously … Read more
So far, protocols like I2C, SPI, and UART remain the most commonly used communication protocols in electronic embedded devices. This article will dissect these three protocols, providing a clear and intuitive understanding of their functions, advantages, and limitations, accompanied by GIF animations. 1. I2C Protocol I2C is a serial communication protocol commonly used to connect … Read more
So far, I2C, SPI, and UART are still the most commonly used communication protocols in electronic embedded devices. In this article, we will analyze these three protocols to help everyone clearly and intuitively understand their functions, advantages, and limitations, supplemented with GIF animations. I2C Protocol I2C is a serial communication protocol commonly used to connect … Read more
Bus Buses are everywhere. Signals in this world are the same, but there are thousands of buses, which can be quite confusing. In general, there are three types of buses: internal buses, system buses, and external buses. Internal buses connect various peripheral chips with the processor within a microcomputer; system buses connect plug-in boards with … Read more
Recently, there have been discussions in the WeChat group about I2C. Since we are talking about I2C, it’s necessary to mention SPI as well, so let’s discuss both. If anyone has better insights, please leave a comment to let more people know your views. 整理与网络，侵删 Should I2C and SPI Compete? Nowadays, in the field of … Read more
Basic Theoretical Knowledge i. Parallel Communication/Serial Communication ii. Asynchronous Communication/Synchronous Communication iii. Half-Duplex Communication/Full-Duplex Communication i. Parallel Communication/Serial Communication Parallel communication: Fast transmission speed, transmitting 8 bits at once, but high communication costs, requiring 8 independent channels. It does not support long-distance transmission. Used in devices such as printers and scanners, for example, the DB-25 … Read more
In embedded development, interfaces such as UART, I2C, and RS485 are commonly used. Understanding them may be ambiguous, so this article organizes them. The article is lengthy, with an estimated reading time of about 10 minutes. UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) The UART port refers to a type of physical interface (hardware). UART is an asynchronous, … Read more
In the first chapter, we briefly introduced the content of SCSI. In this section, we will provide a more detailed introduction to the relevant aspects of SCSI. Even in the era where the NVMe protocol is prevalent, SCSI remains the most widely used protocol today, extensively applied in servers, personal computers, and enterprise-level storage systems. … Read more
1 Introduction This product is a development board for Holtek’s 32-bit MCU HT32F52367, specifically designed to be pin-compatible with the Arduino Nano development board, supporting both the Arduino IDE and Keil IDE, making it easier for beginners to learn programming. The BM18B367A uses the HT32F52367, a Cortex®-M0+ core at 3.3V, as the main MCU, supporting … Read more